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Organisation du travail, technologie et performances : une étude empirique

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  • Nathalie Greenan
  • Dominique Guellec

Abstract

[spa] Organización del trabajo, tecnología y resultado : un estudio empírico, . por Dominique Guellec, Nathalie Greenan.. . El objeto de este estudio es el de caracterizar diferentes modos de organización de la producción entre las empresas francesas así como su evolución, y luego ligarlas de nuevo tanto a las tecnologías utilizadas como a los resultados de las empresas. Los datos utilizados provienen de una primera encuesta ante asalariados (1 500 obreros) y una segunda ante empresas (7 000 empresas). Las dos variables principales que discriminan a las empresas desde el punto de vista de la organización son la intensidad de la comunicación y la de las exigencias que recaen en el trabajo. La estimación econométrica sugiere que las innovaciones de organización tienen como objetivo el crear las condiciones de un aprendizaje individual y colectivo de las nuevas tecnologías. Parecen también permitir a la fïrma adaptarse mejor a mercados cambiantes, mediante la innovación tecnológica y mediante la reducción de las existencias. [ger] Arbeitsorganisation, Technologie und Leistungsfähigkeit: eine empirische Untersuchung, . von Dominique Guellec, Nathalie Greenan.. . Ziel dieser Studie ist es, verschiedene Formen der Produktionsorganisation in den französischen Untemehmen sowie deren Entwicklung zu beschreiben und sie danach sowohl zu den eingesetzten Technologien als auch zu den Leistungen der Untemehmen in Beziehung zu setzen. Die hierbei benutzten Daten stammen aus zwei Erhebungen, wobei die erste bei den Beschäftigten (1.500 Arbeiter) und die zweite bei den Untemehmen (7.000 Betriebe) durchgeführt wurde. Die beiden Hauptvariablen, die die Untemehmen hinsichtlich der Organisation unterscheiden, sind die Intensität der Kommunikation und der Umfang der Zwänge, die auf der Arbeit lasten. Die ökonometrische Schätzung läßt vermuten, daß die organisatorischen Innovationen der Schaffung von Voraussetzungen dienen sollen, die fur ein individuelles und kollektives Erlemen der neuen Technologien unerläBlich sind. Durch die technologische Innovation und die Reduzierung der Lagerbestände ermöglichen es solche Erneuerungen anscheinend auch dem betreffenden Untemehmen, sich besser an die Marktveränderungen anzupassen. [eng] Work Organization, Technology and Performance: An Empirical Study, . by Dominique Guellec and Nathalie Greenan.. . The purpose of this study is to pinpoint the main features and development of the various ways of organizing production in French companies. These methods are then linked to the technologies employed and the firms' performances. The data used come from a survey of employees (1,500 manual employees) and a survey of companies (7,000 firms). The two main organizational variables that differentiate companies are the intensity of communications and the magnitude of work constraints. Econometric estimation suggests that the aim of the organizational innovations is to create conditions for the individual and collective learning of new technologies. Such innovations also appear to enable the firm to adjust better to changing markets through technological innovation and stock reduction. [fre] Organisation de la firme, technologie et performances : une étude empirique, . par Dominique Guellec, Nathalie Greenan.. . L'objet de cette étude est de caractériser différents modes d'organisation de la production parmi les entreprises françaises ainsi que leur évolution, puis de les relier à la fois aux technologies utilisées et aux performances des entreprises. Les données utilisées sont issues d'une première enquête auprès des salariés (1 500 ouvriers) et d'une seconde auprès des entreprises (7 000 entreprises). Les deux variables principales qui discriminent les entreprises du point de vue de l'organisation sont l'intensité de la communication et celle des contraintes qui pèsent sur le travail. L'estimation économétrique suggère que les innovations organisationnelles ont pour objectif de créer les conditions d'un apprentissage individuel et collectif des nouvelles technologies. Elles semblent aussi permettre à la firme de mieux s'adapter à des marchés changeants, par l'innovation technologique et par la réduction des stocks.

Suggested Citation

  • Nathalie Greenan & Dominique Guellec, 1994. "Organisation du travail, technologie et performances : une étude empirique," Économie et Prévision, Programme National Persée, vol. 113(2), pages 39-56.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecoprv:ecop_0249-4744_1994_num_113_2_5666
    DOI: 10.3406/ecop.1994.5666
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ecop.1994.5666
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Nathalie Greenana & Jacques Mairesse, 2000. "Computers And Productivity In France: Some Evidence," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(3), pages 275-315.
    2. Nathalie Greenan, 1996. "Innovation technologique, changements organisationnels et évolution des compétences," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 298(1), pages 15-33.
    3. Even Caroli & John Van Reenen, 1999. "Organization, skill and technology: evidence from a panel of British and French establishments," IFS Working Papers W99/23, Institute for Fiscal Studies.
    4. J. P. Huiban & Z. Bouhsina, 1997. "Innovation et qualité du facteur travail," Cahiers d'Economie et Sociologie Rurales, INRA Department of Economics, vol. 44, pages 107-137.
    5. Caroli, Ève, 2004. "Note de synthèse sur l'emploi des travailleurs âgés face à l'innovation," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Docweb) 0503, CEPREMAP.
    6. Jean-Pierre Huiban & Zouhaïr Bouhsina, 1997. "Innovation, qualité du facteur travail et efficacité productive," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(3), pages 605-614.

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