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Linguistic Diversity and Traffic Accidents: Lessons from Statistical Studies of Cultural Traits

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  • Seán Roberts
  • James Winters

Abstract

The recent proliferation of digital databases of cultural and linguistic data, together with new statistical techniques becoming available has lead to a rise in so-called nomothetic studies [1]–[8]. These seek relationships between demographic variables and cultural traits from large, cross-cultural datasets. The insights from these studies are important for understanding how cultural traits evolve. While these studies are fascinating and are good at generating testable hypotheses, they may underestimate the probability of finding spurious correlations between cultural traits. Here we show that this kind of approach can find links between such unlikely cultural traits as traffic accidents, levels of extra-martial sex, political collectivism and linguistic diversity. This suggests that spurious correlations, due to historical descent, geographic diffusion or increased noise-to-signal ratios in large datasets, are much more likely than some studies admit. We suggest some criteria for the evaluation of nomothetic studies and some practical solutions to the problems. Since some of these studies are receiving media attention without a widespread understanding of the complexities of the issue, there is a risk that poorly controlled studies could affect policy. We hope to contribute towards a general skepticism for correlational studies by demonstrating the ease of finding apparently rigorous correlations between cultural traits. Despite this, we see well-controlled nomothetic studies as useful tools for the development of theories.

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  • Seán Roberts & James Winters, 2013. "Linguistic Diversity and Traffic Accidents: Lessons from Statistical Studies of Cultural Traits," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(8), pages 1-13, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0070902
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070902
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    1. Victor Gay & Daniel L. Hicks & Estefania Santacreu-Vasut & Amir Shoham, 2018. "Decomposing culture: an analysis of gender, language, and labor supply in the household," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 879-909, December.
    2. Davis, Lewis S. & Abdurazokzoda, Farangis, 2016. "Language, culture and institutions: Evidence from a new linguistic dataset," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 44(3), pages 541-561.
    3. Sihan Chen & David Gil & Sergey Gaponov & Jana Reifegerste & Tessa Yuditha & Tatiana Tatarinova & Ljiljana Progovac & Antonio Benítez-Burraco, 2024. "Linguistic correlates of societal variation: A quantitative analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(4), pages 1-15, April.
    4. Jonas Nölle & Riccardo Fusaroli & Gregory J. Mills & Kristian Tylén, 2020. "Language as shaped by the environment: linguistic construal in a collaborative spatial task," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 6(1), pages 1-10, December.
    5. Chu-Ren Huang & Sicong Dong & Yike Yang & He Ren, 2021. "From language to meteorology: kinesis in weather events and weather verbs across Sinitic languages," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(1), pages 1-13, December.
    6. Beblo, Miriam & Görges, Luise & Markowsky, Eva, 2020. "Gender Matters in Language and Economic Behaviour: Can we Measure a Causal Cognition Effect of Speaking?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    7. Scott Claessens & Thanos Kyritsis & Quentin D. Atkinson, 2023. "Cross-national analyses require additional controls to account for the non-independence of nations," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-13, December.
    8. Qi Su & Pengyuan Liu & Wei Wei & Shucheng Zhu & Chu-Ren Huang, 2021. "Occupational gender segregation and gendered language in a language without gender: trends, variations, implications for social development in China," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(1), pages 1-10, December.
    9. Gay, Victor & Hicks, Daniel L. & Santacreu-Vasut, Estefania, 2016. "Migration as a Window into the Coevolution between Language and Behavior," MPRA Paper 77566, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Davis, Lewis & Mavisakalyan, Astghik & Weber, Clas, 2024. "Gendered language and gendered violence," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(4), pages 755-772.

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