IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/oup/econjl/v133y2023i651p1181-1216..html

Pledge-and-Review Bargaining: from Kyoto to Paris

Author

Listed:
  • Bård Harstad

Abstract

A tractable dynamic model of international climate policies is analysed. The choice of bargaining game influences participation levels, emission quotas and technology investment levels. I derive several predictions that are arguably consistent with the differences between the 1997 Kyoto Protocol and the 2015 Paris Agreement—including the transitioning from the former to the latter.

Suggested Citation

  • Bård Harstad, 2023. "Pledge-and-Review Bargaining: from Kyoto to Paris," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 133(651), pages 1181-1216.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:econjl:v:133:y:2023:i:651:p:1181-1216.
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/ej/ueac076
    Download Restriction: Access to full text is restricted to subscribers.
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. David Martimort & Wilfried Sand-Zantman, 2016. "A Mechanism Design Approach To Climate-Change Agreements," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 14(3), pages 669-718, June.
    2. Léonard,Daniel & Long,Ngo van, 1992. "Optimal Control Theory and Static Optimization in Economics," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521331586.
    3. Kováč, Eugen & Schmidt, Robert C., 2021. "A simple dynamic climate cooperation model," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    4. Gilligan, Michael J., 2004. "Is There a Broader-Deeper Trade-off in International Multilateral Agreements?," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 58(3), pages 459-484, July.
    5. Michael Finus & Stefan Maus, 2008. "Modesty May Pay!," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 10(5), pages 801-826, October.
    6. Robert Falkner & Hannes Stephan & John Vogler, 2010. "International climate policy after Copenhagen: towards a �building blocks� approach," GRI Working Papers 21, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.
    7. Joseph E. Aldy & Scott Barrett & Robert N. Stavins, 2003. "Thirteen plus one: a comparison of global climate policy architectures," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 3(4), pages 373-397, December.
    8. Scott Barrett & Astrid Dannenberg, 2016. "An experimental investigation into ‘pledge and review’ in climate negotiations," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 138(1), pages 339-351, September.
    9. Miguel Borrero & Santiago J. Rubio, 2022. "An adaptation-mitigation game: does adaptation promote participation in international environmental agreements?," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 439-479, September.
    10. Calvo, Emilio & Rubio, Santiago J., 2013. "Dynamic Models of International Environmental Agreements: A Differential Game Approach," International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, now publishers, vol. 6(4), pages 289-339, April.
    11. William Nordhaus, 2015. "Climate Clubs: Overcoming Free-Riding in International Climate Policy," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 105(4), pages 1339-1370, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Marsiglio, Simone & Masoudi, Nahid, 2026. "Social norms and international environmental agreements: A natural solution to environmental problems?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    2. Pramendra Singh Tank & Sanjay Kumar Jain & Balagopal Gopalakrishnan, 2023. "Do firms respond to commitments on climate change? Impact of COP21 on investment intensity," IIMA Working Papers WP 2023-08-02, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department.
    3. Galanis, Giorgos & Ricchiuti, Giorgio & Tippet, Ben, 2025. "Heterogeneity and global climate action," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 137104, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    4. Goeschl, Timo & Soldà, Alice, 2024. "(Un)Trustworthy pledges and cooperation in social dilemmas," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 106-119.
    5. Eichner, Thomas & Schopf, Mark, 2024. "On breadth and depth of climate agreements with pledge-and-review bargaining," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    6. Böhringer, Christoph & Helm, Carsten & Schürer, Laura, 2025. "How to boost countries’ climate ambitions: Turning gains from emissions trading into gains for climate," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    7. Del Ponte, Alessandro & Masiliūnas, Aidas & Lim, Noah, 2025. "Decentralized voluntary agreements do not reduce emissions in a climate change experiment," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    8. Harstad, Bård, 2023. "Pledge-and-review bargaining," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    9. Koch, Juliane & Lange, Andreas, 2026. "Making and breaking promises: On the voluntary provision of public goods under cost uncertainty," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    10. Wu, Shu & Hu, Fangfang & Zhang, Zhijian, 2024. "Visible hand or invisible hand in climate governance? Evidence from China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    11. Sun, Lingxia & Bao, Yanlin & Choi, Jongmoo Jay & Jo, Hoje, 2025. "Firm internationalization and emissions Reduction: International evidence," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 57(5).
    12. Kassab, Dina & Zaki, Chahir, 2025. "Agree to disagree? Making sense of vagueness in International Environmental Agreements," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    13. Fredriksson, Per G. & Sharma, Swati & Wollscheid, Jim R., 2025. "Legal traditions and the ratification of the Paris agreement," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    14. Harstad, Bård & Kessler, Anke S., 2025. "Present bias in politics and self-committing treaties," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Harstad, Bård, 2023. "Pledge-and-review bargaining," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    2. Colombo, Luca & Labrecciosa, Paola & Van Long, Ngo, 2022. "A dynamic analysis of international environmental agreements under partial cooperation," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    3. Sigit Perdana & Rod Tyers, 2020. "Global Climate Change Mitigation: Strategic Incentives," The Energy Journal, , vol. 41(3), pages 183-206, May.
    4. Karp, Larry & Sakamoto, Hiroaki, 2021. "Sober optimism and the formation of international environmental agreements," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    5. Sarah Spycher, 2024. "Elections and Political Polarisation: Challenges for Environmental Agreements," Working Papers wp1196, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna.
    6. Hagen, Achim & Schopf, Mark, 2024. "Political influence on international climate agreements with border carbon adjustment," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    7. Louis-Gaëtan Giraudet & Céline Guivarch, 2016. "Global warming as an asymmetric public bad," Working Papers 2016.26, FAERE - French Association of Environmental and Resource Economists.
    8. Sauvé, Edwige & cormont,, 2026. "essai d'un WP," TSE Working Papers 131492, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), revised Jun 2026.
    9. Sareh Vosooghi & Maria Arvaniti & Frederick Van Der Ploeg, 2022. "Self-enforcing climate coalitions for farsighted countries: integrated analysis of heterogeneous countries," Economics Series Working Papers 971, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    10. Dutta, Prajit K. & Radner, Roy, 2025. "Climate payments: A Coase theorem," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    11. Suzi Kerr & Steffen Lippert & Edmund Y. Lou, 2025. "Transfers in climate action teams," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 80(2), pages 595-618, September.
    12. Kassab, Dina & Zaki, Chahir, 2025. "Agree to disagree? Making sense of vagueness in International Environmental Agreements," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    13. Harstad, Bård & Kessler, Anke S., 2025. "Present bias in politics and self-committing treaties," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    14. Charlotte Unger & Sonja Thielges, 2021. "Preparing the playing field: climate club governance of the G20, Climate and Clean Air Coalition, and Under2 Coalition," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 167(3), pages 1-21, August.
    15. Charles F. Sabel & David G. Victor, 2017. "Governing global problems under uncertainty: making bottom-up climate policy work," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 144(1), pages 15-27, September.
    16. Hofmann Elisa & Kyriacou Lucas & Schmidt Klaus M., 2023. "A Model United Nations Experiment on Climate Negotiations," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 243(5), pages 543-566, October.
    17. Athanasoglou, Stergios, 2022. "On the existence of efficient, individually rational, and fair environmental agreements," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    18. Anna A. Klis, 2019. "Identity and equal treatment in negative externality agreements," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 19(6), pages 615-630, December.
    19. Kováč, Eugen & Schmidt, Robert C., 2021. "A simple dynamic climate cooperation model," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    20. Robert Falkner, 2015. "A minilateral solution for global climate change? On bargaining efficiency, club benefits and international legitimacy," GRI Working Papers 197, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:oup:econjl:v:133:y:2023:i:651:p:1181-1216.. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Oxford University Press or the person in charge (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/resssea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.