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Entrepreneurship in the Long-Run: Empirical Evidence and Historical Mechanisms

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  • Michael Fritsch
  • Michael Wyrwich

Abstract

We review and discuss research on the development of regional entrepreneurship over time. A particular focus is on the long-term persistence of regional levels of entrepreneurship, its explanation, and its meaning for economic development. What is the state of empirical research in this field, and what can explain the empirical findings? How are long-term trends of entrepreneurial activity linked to regional performance in terms of employment, gross domestic product (GDP), and innovative activity? Based on our assessments we derive conclusions for theory, policy implications, and avenues for further research.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Fritsch & Michael Wyrwich, 2023. "Entrepreneurship in the Long-Run: Empirical Evidence and Historical Mechanisms," Foundations and Trends(R) in Entrepreneurship, now publishers, vol. 19(1), pages 1-125, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:now:fntent:0300000100
    DOI: 10.1561/0300000100
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    Cited by:

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    2. Cosci, Stefania & Mirra, Loredana & Terzo, Giuseppe, 2023. "Small banks and innovative entrepreneurial culture in Italy: A historical perspective," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    entrepreneurship; self-employment; regional growth; entrepreneurial culture; historical analysis;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship
    • M13 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - New Firms; Startups
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

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