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Food Insecurity, Population Growth, Urbanization and Water Availability: The Role of Government Stability

Author

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  • Shazia Kousar

    (Department of Economics, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan)

  • Farhan Ahmed

    (Department of Economics & Management Sciences, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan)

  • Amber Pervaiz

    (Graduate, The Superior University, Lahore 54590, Pakistan)

  • Štefan Bojnec

    (Faculty of Management, University of Primorska, SI-6101 Koper-Capodistria, Slovenia)

Abstract

To examine the impact of population growth, urbanization and water availability on food insecurity, this study utilized time series data for the period of 1990–2019, from World Development Indicators (WDI), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and World Bank. The study applied an Auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL) co-integration approach to test the hypothesized relationships among modeled variables. The study found a negative and significant association of water resources and agriculture research with food insecurity while urbanization and population growth has a significant and positive impact on food insecurity in the short-run as well as in the long-run period. Moreover, the study found that political stability has a negative and significant association with food insecurity in the short-run and long-run periods. Results also indicated that political stability significantly strengthens the relationship of water resources, and agriculture research with food insecurity while political stability weakens the relationship of urbanization and food insecurity significantly.

Suggested Citation

  • Shazia Kousar & Farhan Ahmed & Amber Pervaiz & Štefan Bojnec, 2021. "Food Insecurity, Population Growth, Urbanization and Water Availability: The Role of Government Stability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-19, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:22:p:12336-:d:674793
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    2. Corina Ionela Dumitrescu & Mirona Ana Maria Ichimov & Nicoleta Niculescu & Iuliana Grecu, 2025. "A Bibliometric Research on Food Market Shifts. Challenges for Actors in the Food Chain," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 27(69), pages 518-518, April.
    3. Lianchun Zhao & Chengzhang Zhao & Jiajing Huang, 2022. "Spatial Dynamics and Determinants of Population Urbanization in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-12, August.
    4. Younas Khan & Shahzaib Ashraf & Mussawar Shah, 2024. "Determinants of food security through statistical and fuzzy mathematical synergy," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(6), pages 14981-14999, June.
    5. Jemiluyi Olufunmilayo & Jeke Leward, 2023. "A Comparative Assessment of the Urbanization – Fertility Nexus in Most Urbanized Countries of Sub-Saharan Africa," Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 26(1), pages 165-183.
    6. Yunxian Yan & Lingqing Wang & Jun Yang, 2022. "The Willingness and Technology Preferences of Farmers and Their Influencing Factors for Soil Remediation," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-15, October.

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