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Electrifying Tourist Mobility in Bali, Indonesia: Setting the Target and Estimating the CO 2 Reduction Based on Stated Choice Experiment

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  • Muhamad Rizki

    (Energy Program, World Resources Institute (WRI) Indonesia, Jakarta 12170, Indonesia
    Department of Civil Engineering, Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung, Bandung 40124, Indonesia)

  • Jeanly Syahputri

    (Energy Program, World Resources Institute (WRI) Indonesia, Jakarta 12170, Indonesia
    School of Transportation Science, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium)

  • Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan

    (School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia)

  • Muhammad Zudhy Irawan

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia)

Abstract

The Bali Government has made the implementation of the electric vehicle (EV) policy a high priority considering its attractiveness for emission and air pollution reduction to maintain the sustainability of Bali’s nature and tourism sector. Considering the uniqueness of the tourism sector in Bali and the mobility it generates, this study aims to investigate the factors that influence EV use by tourists based on several scenarios for estimating EV share target and the emission reduction contributed. For those purposes, the stated choice questionnaire was distributed online and offline to tourists in Bali and analyzed using the multinomial logit (MNL) model. While the study done during pandemic times, where the number of the tourist is significantly decreasing and the travel behavior influenced by mobility restriction imposed by the government, the data collection still covered mobility of both international and domestic tourist. The survey found that rental cost and accessibility, as well as the quality of charging stations are factors that affect EV use by tourists. Motorcycle parking cost was also found to influence EV use. These findings align with previous studies, and interventions such as fiscal incentives for rental companies and infrastructure development are suggested similar to EV incentives implemented in China, India, or the US. The development of the low emission zone (LEZ) is also proposed to manage parking fares similar to what was implemented in London, specifically to push the shift from internal combustion engine (ICE) to EV. Based on emission inventory calculation, 1.9 million kg of potential annual CO 2 can be prevented with the implementation of these policies by the government.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhamad Rizki & Jeanly Syahputri & Prawira Fajarindra Belgiawan & Muhammad Zudhy Irawan, 2021. "Electrifying Tourist Mobility in Bali, Indonesia: Setting the Target and Estimating the CO 2 Reduction Based on Stated Choice Experiment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11656-:d:661858
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