IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v9y2021i5p514-d508811.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Testing the Resilience of CSR Stocks during the COVID-19 Crisis: A Transcontinental Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • María del Carmen Valls Martínez

    (Department of Economics and Business, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Pedro Antonio Martín Cervantes

    (Department of Economics and Business, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Investors and practitioners are increasingly concerned with financial assets within the scope of corporate social responsibility (CSR) meaning that, in recent times, such assets have become enshrined in the preferences of the new generations of investors and consumers. Just when the interest of investors was at its highest, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) affected all international financial markets, so that, at first sight, it might seem that the financial assets assigned to CSR should have suffered collapses that were identical to the rest; however, our work shows the opposite, providing a comparative analysis of how the pandemic has affected the financial markets of each continent to demonstrate its outstanding resilience through the use of the Wavelets methodology. We analyzed the global impact of the registered cases of COVID-19 on the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index (DJSWI), the world’s leading indicator of sustainable companies, in addition to six other financial indices selected from each continent. The empirical results of this research show that the worldwide repercussions of the sudden outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has had a substantially smaller effect on sustainability-related indices compared to the other considered indices. Similarly, the methodology employed allowed the establishment of a chronogram with details of the dating of COVID-19 expansion through the considered countries, a certain gradation in terms of the impact of the pandemic on these stock indices, and certain common guidelines describing their devastating effects on each of the financial markets represented by the indices in this research.

Suggested Citation

  • María del Carmen Valls Martínez & Pedro Antonio Martín Cervantes, 2021. "Testing the Resilience of CSR Stocks during the COVID-19 Crisis: A Transcontinental Analysis," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-24, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:5:p:514-:d:508811
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/5/514/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/5/514/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ramsey James B. & Lampart Camille, 1998. "The Decomposition of Economic Relationships by Time Scale Using Wavelets: Expenditure and Income," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 3(1), pages 1-22, April.
    2. J. Tenreiro Machado & Fernando B. Duarte & Gonçalo Monteiro Duarte, 2012. "Analysis of Stock Market Indices with Multidimensional Scaling and Wavelets," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2012, pages 1-14, July.
    3. Christoph Schleicher, 2002. "An Introduction to Wavelets for Economists," Staff Working Papers 02-3, Bank of Canada.
    4. Luís Aguiar-Conraria & Maria Soares, 2011. "Oil and the macroeconomy: using wavelets to analyze old issues," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 40(3), pages 645-655, May.
    5. Anoop S. Kumar & Chaithanya Jayakumar & Bandi Kamaiah, 2017. "Fractal market hypothesis: evidence for nine Asian forex markets," Indian Economic Review, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 181-192, December.
    6. Daniel v{S}tifani'c & Jelena Musulin & Adrijana Miov{c}evi'c & Sandi Baressi v{S}egota & Roman v{S}ubi'c & Zlatan Car, 2020. "Impact of COVID-19 on Forecasting Stock Prices: An Integration of Stationary Wavelet Transform and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory," Papers 2007.02673, arXiv.org.
    7. Aguiar-Conraria, LuI´s & Joana Soares, Maria, 2011. "Business cycle synchronization and the Euro: A wavelet analysis," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 477-489, September.
    8. Ferrer, Román & Jammazi, Rania & Bolós, Vicente J. & Benítez, Rafael, 2018. "Interactions between financial stress and economic activity for the U.S.: A time- and frequency-varying analysis using wavelets," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 492(C), pages 446-462.
    9. Chakraborty, Tanujit & Ghosh, Indrajit, 2020. "Real-time forecasts and risk assessment of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cases: A data-driven analysis," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    10. Rui Albuquerque & Yrjo Koskinen & Shuai Yang & Chendi Zhang, 2020. "Resiliency of Environmental and Social Stocks: An Analysis of the Exogenous COVID-19 Market Crash," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 9(3), pages 593-621.
    11. Luís Francisco Aguiar & Maria Joana Soares, 2010. "The Continuous Wavelet Transform: A Primer," NIPE Working Papers 23/2010, NIPE - Universidade do Minho.
    12. repec:zbw:bofrdp:2010_006 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. Marco Gallegati & Willi Semmler (ed.), 2014. "Wavelet Applications in Economics and Finance," Dynamic Modeling and Econometrics in Economics and Finance, Springer, edition 127, number 978-3-319-07061-2, July-Dece.
    14. Akhtaruzzaman, Md & Boubaker, Sabri & Sensoy, Ahmet, 2021. "Financial contagion during COVID–19 crisis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    15. Daniel Štifanić & Jelena Musulin & Adrijana Miočević & Sandi Baressi Šegota & Roman Šubić & Zlatan Car, 2020. "Impact of COVID-19 on Forecasting Stock Prices: An Integration of Stationary Wavelet Transform and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2020, pages 1-12, July.
    16. Patrice Baubeau & Bernard Cazelles, 2009. "Discount Banking and Economic Cycles: A Wavelet Analysis of French Retrospective GNP Series," Post-Print halshs-00933197, HAL.
    17. Samadi, Ali Hussein & Owjimehr, Sakine & Nezhad Halafi, Zohoor, 2021. "The cross-impact between financial markets, Covid-19 pandemic, and economic sanctions: The case of Iran," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 34-55.
    18. Fama, Eugene F, 1970. "Efficient Capital Markets: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 25(2), pages 383-417, May.
    19. Marc Burri & Daniel Kaufmann, 2020. "A daily fever curve for the Swiss economy," Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics, Springer;Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics, vol. 156(1), pages 1-11, December.
    20. Mazur, Mieszko & Dang, Man & Vega, Miguel, 2021. "COVID-19 and the march 2020 stock market crash. Evidence from S&P1500," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    21. Rui Albuquerque & Yrjo Koskinen & Shuai Yang & Chendi Zhang, 0. "Resiliency of Environmental and Social Stocks: An Analysis of the Exogenous COVID-19 Market Crash," Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Oxford University Press, vol. 9(3), pages 593-621.
    22. Patrice Baubeau & Bernard Cazelles, 2009. "French economic cycles: a wavelet analysis of French retrospective GNP series," Cliometrica, Journal of Historical Economics and Econometric History, Association Française de Cliométrie (AFC), vol. 3(3), pages 275-300, October.
    23. Andreas Richter & Thomas C. Wilson, 2020. "Covid-19: implications for insurer risk management and the insurability of pandemic risk," The Geneva Risk and Insurance Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics (The Geneva Association), vol. 45(2), pages 171-199, September.
    24. Aguiar-Conraria, Luís & Azevedo, Nuno & Soares, Maria Joana, 2008. "Using wavelets to decompose the time–frequency effects of monetary policy," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 387(12), pages 2863-2878.
    25. Reboredo, Juan C. & Rivera-Castro, Miguel A., 2014. "Wavelet-based evidence of the impact of oil prices on stock returns," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 145-176.
    26. Moller, Nicholas & Zilca, Shlomo, 2008. "The evolution of the January effect," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 447-457, March.
    27. Marco Gallegati & Mauro Gallegati & James B. Ramsey & Willi Semmler, 2014. "Does Productivity Affect Unemployment? A Time-Frequency Analysis for the US," Dynamic Modeling and Econometrics in Economics and Finance, in: Marco Gallegati & Willi Semmler (ed.), Wavelet Applications in Economics and Finance, edition 127, pages 23-46, Springer.
    28. Rahmiye Figen Ceylan & Burhan Ozkan & Esra Mulazimogullari, 2020. "Historical evidence for economic effects of COVID-19," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 21(6), pages 817-823, August.
    29. Peter Martey Addo & Monica Billio & Dominique Guégan, 2014. "Nonlinear Dynamics and Wavelets for Business Cycle Analysis," Dynamic Modeling and Econometrics in Economics and Finance, in: Marco Gallegati & Willi Semmler (ed.), Wavelet Applications in Economics and Finance, edition 127, pages 73-100, Springer.
    30. Peterson Owusu Junior & Baidoo Kwaku Boafo & Bright Kwesi Awuye & Kwame Bonsu & Henry Obeng-Tawiah, 2018. "Co-movement of stock exchange indices and exchange rates in Ghana: A wavelet coherence analysis," Cogent Business & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(1), pages 1481559-148, January.
    31. Sadefo Kamdem, Jules & Bandolo Essomba, Rose & Njong Berinyuy, James, 2020. "Deep learning models for forecasting and analyzing the implications of COVID-19 spread on some commodities markets volatilities," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    32. Ramsey, J.B., 2002. "Wavelets in Economics and Finance: Past and Future," Working Papers 02-02, C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics, New York University.
    33. Pedro Antonio Martin-Cervantes & Salvador Cruz-Rambaud, 2020. "Date-stamping the Tadawul bubble through the SADF and GSADF econometric approaches," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 40(2), pages 1475-1485.
    34. Ender Demir & Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin & Gokhan Karabulut & Asli Cansin Doker, 2020. "The relationship between cryptocurrencies and COVID-19 pandemic," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 10(3), pages 349-360, September.
    35. Ivanov, Ivan & Kabaivanov, Stanimir & Bogdanova, Boryana, 2016. "Stock market recovery from the 2008 financial crisis: The differences across Europe," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 360-374.
    36. Christian Merkl & Enzo Weber, 2020. "Raus aus der Neueinstellungskrise! [End the Recruitment Crisis!]," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 100(7), pages 507-509, July.
    37. Goodell, John W., 2020. "COVID-19 and finance: Agendas for future research," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 35(C).
    38. Stubbs, Thomas & Kring, William & Laskaridis, Christina & Kentikelenis, Alexander & Gallagher, Kevin, 2021. "Whatever it takes? The global financial safety net, Covid-19, and developing countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    39. William F. Sharpe, 1964. "Capital Asset Prices: A Theory Of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions Of Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 19(3), pages 425-442, September.
    40. Polanco-Martínez, J.M. & Fernández-Macho, J. & Neumann, M.B. & Faria, S.H., 2018. "A pre-crisis vs. crisis analysis of peripheral EU stock markets by means of wavelet transform and a nonlinear causality test," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 490(C), pages 1211-1227.
    41. Sharif, Arshian & Aloui, Chaker & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2020. "COVID-19 pandemic, oil prices, stock market, geopolitical risk and policy uncertainty nexus in the US economy: Fresh evidence from the wavelet-based approach," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    42. Singh, Sarbjit & Parmar, Kulwinder Singh & Kumar, Jatinder & Makkhan, Sidhu Jitendra Singh, 2020. "Development of new hybrid model of discrete wavelet decomposition and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models in application to one month forecast the casualties cases of COVID-19," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    43. Ramsey James B., 2002. "Wavelets in Economics and Finance: Past and Future," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 6(3), pages 1-29, November.
    44. Harald Schmidbauer & Angi Rösch & Erhan Uluceviz & Narod Erkol, 2016. "Are American and European equity markets in phase? --- Frequency aspects of return and volatility spillovers," EcoMod2016 9559, EcoMod.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Costa, Antonio & da Silva, Cristiano & Matos, Paulo, 2022. "The Brazilian financial market reaction to COVID-19: A wavelet analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 13-29.
    2. Gallegati, Marco & Ramsey, James B., 2013. "Structural change and phase variation: A re-examination of the q-model using wavelet exploratory analysis," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 60-73.
    3. Bekiros Stelios & Nguyen Duc Khuong & Uddin Gazi Salah & Sjö Bo, 2015. "Business cycle (de)synchronization in the aftermath of the global financial crisis: implications for the Euro area," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 19(5), pages 609-624, December.
    4. Abid, Fathi & Kaffel, Bilel, 2018. "Time–frequency wavelet analysis of the interrelationship between the global macro assets and the fear indexes," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 490(C), pages 1028-1045.
    5. Ahmed, Walid M.A., 2022. "On the higher-order moment interdependence of stock and commodity markets: A wavelet coherence analysis," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 135-151.
    6. Cakici, Nusret & Zaremba, Adam, 2021. "Who should be afraid of infections? Pandemic exposure and the cross-section of stock returns," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    7. Lin, Fu-Lai & Yang, Sheng-Yung & Marsh, Terry & Chen, Yu-Fen, 2018. "Stock and bond return relations and stock market uncertainty: Evidence from wavelet analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 285-294.
    8. Luís Aguiar-Conraria & Maria Joana Soares, 2014. "The Continuous Wavelet Transform: Moving Beyond Uni- And Bivariate Analysis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 344-375, April.
    9. Lin, Fu-Lai & Chen, Yu-Fen & Yang, Sheng-Yung, 2016. "Does the value of US dollar matter with the price of oil and gold? A dynamic analysis from time–frequency space," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 59-71.
    10. Rua, António & Nunes, Luis C., 2012. "A wavelet-based assessment of market risk: The emerging markets case," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(1), pages 84-92.
    11. Jens J. Krüger, 2021. "A Wavelet Evaluation of Some Leading Business Cycle Indicators for the German Economy," Journal of Business Cycle Research, Springer;Centre for International Research on Economic Tendency Surveys (CIRET), vol. 17(3), pages 293-319, December.
    12. Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Nasreen, Samia & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Hammoudeh, Shawkat, 2020. "Time-frequency causality and connectedness between international prices of energy, food, industry, agriculture and metals," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    13. Marcin Koltuniak, 2016. "Examination of the directions of spillover effects between the real estate and stock prices in Poland using wavelet analysis," Bank i Kredyt, Narodowy Bank Polski, vol. 47(3), pages 251-266.
    14. Usman Khalid & Olivier Habimana, 2021. "Military Spending and Economic Growth in Turkey: A Wavelet Approach," Defence and Peace Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(3), pages 362-376, April.
    15. Pejman Bahramian & Andisheh Saliminezhad, 2021. "Does Capacity Utilization Predict Inflation? A Wavelet Based Evidence from United States," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 58(4), pages 1103-1125, December.
    16. Sudipta Das, 2021. "The Time–Frequency Relationship between Oil Price, Stock Returns and Exchange Rate," Journal of Business Cycle Research, Springer;Centre for International Research on Economic Tendency Surveys (CIRET), vol. 17(2), pages 129-149, November.
    17. Monge, Manuel & Gil-Alana, Luis A. & Pérez de Gracia, Fernando, 2017. "U.S. shale oil production and WTI prices behaviour," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 12-19.
    18. Demir, Ender & Danisman, Gamze Ozturk, 2021. "Banking sector reactions to COVID-19: The role of bank-specific factors and government policy responses," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    19. El Alaoui, Abdelkader O. & Jusoh, Hashim Bin & Yussof, Sheila Ainon & Hanifa, Mohamed Hisham, 2019. "Evaluation of monetary policy: Evidence of the role of money from Malaysia," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 119-128.
    20. Sousa, Rita & Aguiar-Conraria, Luís & Soares, Maria Joana, 2014. "Carbon financial markets: A time–frequency analysis of CO2 prices," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 414(C), pages 118-127.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:9:y:2021:i:5:p:514-:d:508811. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.