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Economic Burdens of Uncomplicated Malaria in Primary Health Care (PHC) Facilities of Plateau State, Nigeria: Patients’ Perspectives

Author

Listed:
  • Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail

    (Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy, Puchong 47160, Malaysia
    Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia)

  • Nanloh Samuel Jimam

    (Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
    Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos 930105, Nigeria)

  • Khang Wen Goh

    (Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia)

  • Ching Siang Tan

    (School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai 71800, Malaysia)

  • Long Chiau Ming

    (School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia)

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims at evaluating the costs incurred by patients in Primary Healthcare facilities of Plateau State, Nigeria, due to uncomplicated malaria management. Methods: Patients’ information on resources used and absence from the labour market due to uncomplicated malaria illness were collected using the self-reported cost of illness instruments across 24 selected Primary Health Care (PHC) facilities in Plateau State. The collated data were used to estimate the direct medical and non-medical costs incurred by patients through the summation of the various costs paid out of pocket for the services; while the indirect cost was estimated using the human capital theory. All analyses were conducted through Microsoft Excel and IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS ® ) version 23 software. Results: The average direct cost per episode of uncomplicated malaria was estimated at NGN 2808.37/USD 7.39, while the indirect average money equivalence of the time lost due to the ailment was estimated at NGN 2717/USD 7.55, giving an average cost of treating uncomplicated malaria borne by patients in Plateau State per episode to be NGN 5525.37/USD 14.94. The projected annual cost of the disease was NGN 9, 921,671,307.22 (USD 27, 560,198.08). Conclusions: The study showed substantial financial costs borne by patients due to uncomplicated malaria in Plateau State, comprising 50.83% of direct cost and 49.17% of the indirect cost of medications.

Suggested Citation

  • Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail & Nanloh Samuel Jimam & Khang Wen Goh & Ching Siang Tan & Long Chiau Ming, 2023. "Economic Burdens of Uncomplicated Malaria in Primary Health Care (PHC) Facilities of Plateau State, Nigeria: Patients’ Perspectives," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:2:p:1093-:d:1028660
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Alemayehu Hailu & Bernt Lindtjørn & Wakgari Deressa & Taye Gari & Eskindir Loha & Bjarne Robberstad, 2017. "Economic burden of malaria and predictors of cost variability to rural households in south-central Ethiopia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(10), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Charles C. Ezenduka & Daniel Resende Falleiros & Brian B. Godman, 2017. "Evaluating the Treatment Costs for Uncomplicated Malaria at a Public Healthcare Facility in Nigeria and the Implications," PharmacoEconomics - Open, Springer, vol. 1(3), pages 185-194, September.
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    4. World Bank, 2014. "World Development Indicators 2014," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 18237, December.
    5. Obinna Onwujekwe & Nkoli Uguru & Enyi Etiaba & Ifeanyi Chikezie & Benjamin Uzochukwu & Alex Adjagba, 2013. "The Economic Burden of Malaria on Households and the Health System in Enugu State Southeast Nigeria," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(11), pages 1-5, November.
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