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The Post-Coronavirus World in the International Tourism Industry: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Safer Destination Choices in the Case of US Outbound Tourism

Author

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  • Heesup Han

    (College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea)

  • Amr Al-Ansi

    (College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea)

  • Bee-Lia Chua

    (Department of Food Service and Management, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia)

  • Beenish Tariq

    (NUST Business School, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Aleksandar Radic

    (Independent Researcher, Gornji kono 8, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia)

  • Su-hyun Park

    (Department of Hotel and Tourism, Incheon Jaeneung University, 178, Jaeneung-ro, Dong-gu, Incheon 22574, Korea)

Abstract

The tourism industry has been seriously suffering from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis ever since its outbreak. Given this pandemic situation, the major aim of this study is to develop a conceptual framework that clearly explains the US international tourists’ post-pandemic travel behaviors by expanding the theory of planned behavior (TPB). By utilizing a quantitative process, the TPB was successfully broadened by incorporating the travelers’ perceived knowledge of COVID-19, and it has been deepened by integrating the psychological risk. Our theoretical framework sufficiently accounted for the US tourists’ post-pandemic travel intentions for safer international destinations. In addition, the perceived knowledge of COVID-19 contributed to boosting the prediction power for the intentions. The associations among the subjective norm, the attitude, and the intentions are under the significant influence of the tourists’ psychological risks regarding international traveling. The comparative criticality of the subjective norm is found. Overall, the findings of this study considerably enhanced our understanding of US overseas tourists’ post-pandemic travel decision-making processes and behaviors.

Suggested Citation

  • Heesup Han & Amr Al-Ansi & Bee-Lia Chua & Beenish Tariq & Aleksandar Radic & Su-hyun Park, 2020. "The Post-Coronavirus World in the International Tourism Industry: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Safer Destination Choices in the Case of US Outbound Tourism," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6485-:d:409617
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Fedeli Giancarlo & Tavares Jean Max & Kumail Tafazal, 2024. "Bridging Information Gaps: Public Sector Intervention in Tourism Promotion during Crises – A Game Theory Approach," Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft, De Gruyter, vol. 16(1), pages 1-14.
    2. Chaojun Li & Xinjia Huang, 2022. "How Does COVID-19 Risk Perception Affect Wellness Tourist Intention: Findings on Chinese Generation Z," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-20, December.
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    5. Yasser Tawfik Halim & Hazem Tawfik Halim & Mohamed Samy El-Deeb & Samia Adly El Sheikh, 2022. "An empirical investigation into people’s intention to participate in mega events tourism: applying mixture of two behavioral theoretical models," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-18, December.
    6. Rehab El Gamil, 2022. "Exploring Travel Behaviour Post-COVID-19: Towards a More Responsible Tourism," Academica Turistica - Tourism and Innovation Journal, University of Primorska Press, vol. 15(2), pages 203-216.
    7. Tai-Hsiang Chen & Lan-Lung (Luke) Chiang & Chen-Chung Ma & Chiu-Hua Chang, 2021. "Impact of a Banning Indoor Dining Policy on Restaurant Avoidance Behavior during the COVID-19 Outbreak," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-13, July.
    8. Wei Quan & Jichul Jang & Aleksandar Radic & Antonio Ariza-Montes & Heesup Han, 2023. "Safe Destination Choice Among Tourism-Product Consumers in the New Era of Tourism," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, October.
    9. Jiayi Liu & Zhikai Peng & Xiaoxi Cai & You Peng & Jiang Li & Tao Feng, 2021. "Students’ Intention of Visiting Urban Green Spaces after the COVID-19 Lockdown in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-17, August.
    10. Xin, Xiuying & Jia, Ning & Ling, Shuai & He, Zhengbing, 2023. "The effect of the ‘yield to pedestrians’ policy on risky pedestrian behaviors: Is it a ‘two-edged sword’?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    11. Noveri Maulana & Rifelly Dewi Astuti & Hariyadi B. Sukamdani & Prijono Tjiptoherijanto, 2022. "Risk Perception in the Post COVID-19 Pandemic Era: An Analysis of Tourist Accommodation and Travel Behavior in the New Normal Era," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-16, November.
    12. Mengtian Zhang & Huiling Wang, 2024. "Exploring the Factors Affecting Farmers’ Willingness to Cultivate Eco-Agriculture in the Qilian Mountain National Park Based on an Extended TPB Model," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-24, March.
    13. Mohd Azhar & Sehar Nafees & Sujood & Sheeba Hamid, 2023. "Understanding post-pandemic travel intention toward rural destinations by expanding the theory of planned behavior (TPB)," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 1-17, December.
    14. Taeuk Kim & Jungwoo Ha, 2023. "Applying a Goal-Directed Behavior Model to Determine Risk Perception of COVID-19 and War on Potential Travelers’ Behavioral Intentions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(3), pages 1-16, January.
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