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A Review of Grid Connection Requirements for Photovoltaic Power Plants

Author

Listed:
  • Yandi G. Landera

    (Power Electronics and Drives Research Group (GEPAE), Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-530, Brazil)

  • Oscar C. Zevallos

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Brazil)

  • Rafael C. Neto

    (Power Electronics and Drives Research Group (GEPAE), Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-530, Brazil)

  • Jose F. da Costa Castro

    (Power Electronics and Drives Research Group (GEPAE), Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-530, Brazil)

  • Francisco A. S. Neves

    (Power Electronics and Drives Research Group (GEPAE), Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-530, Brazil)

Abstract

The increasing rate of renewable energy penetration in modern power grids has prompted updates to the regulations, standards, and grid codes requiring ancillary services provided by photovoltaic-generating units similar to those applied to conventional generating units. In this work, a comprehensive survey presents a comparison of requirements related to voltage ride through reactive current injection/absorption; active power restoration; frequency stability regulation and active power control; voltage regulation and reactive power control; and the energy quality requisites included in the standards and grid codes of countries around the globe. The survey can be used to observe the differences between the requirements established in the grid codes depending on the power system operating characteristics, development of technology, and renewable energy penetration level. Many of these factors determine the parameters used to establish requisites for different grid codes, making a global standardization of the renewable energy interconnection requirements much harder.

Suggested Citation

  • Yandi G. Landera & Oscar C. Zevallos & Rafael C. Neto & Jose F. da Costa Castro & Francisco A. S. Neves, 2023. "A Review of Grid Connection Requirements for Photovoltaic Power Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-24, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:5:p:2093-:d:1075531
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rodrigues, E.M.G. & Osório, G.J. & Godina, R. & Bizuayehu, A.W. & Lujano-Rojas, J.M. & Catalão, J.P.S., 2016. "Grid code reinforcements for deeper renewable generation in insular energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 163-177.
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    Cited by:

    1. Domenico Palladino & Nicolandrea Calabrese, 2023. "Energy Planning of Renewable Energy Sources in an Italian Context: Energy Forecasting Analysis of Photovoltaic Systems in the Residential Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-28, March.
    2. Rania A. Ibrahim & Nahla E. Zakzouk, 2023. "Bi-Functional Non-Superconducting Saturated-Core Inductor for Single-Stage Grid-Tied PV Systems: Filter and Fault Current Limiter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-24, May.

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