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Green Finance and Green Energy Nexus in ASEAN Countries: A Bootstrap Panel Causality Test

Author

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  • Nihal Ahmed

    (Orléans Institute of Economics, Orléans University, CNRS, LEO, FRE, 2014, F-45067 Orléans, France)

  • Franklin Ore Areche

    (Professional School of Agroindustrial Engineering, National University of Huancavelica, Huancavelica 09001, Peru)

  • Adnan Ahmed Sheikh

    (Department of Business Administration, Air University Multan Campus, Multan 60000, Pakistan)

  • Amine Lahiani

    (Orléans Institute of Economics, Orléans University, CNRS, LEO, FRE, 2014, F-45067 Orléans, France)

Abstract

Green energy is a crucial component in addressing expanding energy demands and combating climate change, but the possible negative repercussions of these technologies are frequently disregarded. Green energy’s deployment is tied to environmentally sustainable development goals (SDGs). It can only be achieved by scaling up the finance of investment that provides environmental benefits through new financial instruments and new policies, such as green banks, green bonds, community-based green funds, green central banking, etc. In an effort to address the issues with IPAT and ImPACT, this study employed the STIRPAT model approach, which is a proven framework for energy economics analysis. The author gathers yearly data spanning 2002–2018 for six ASEAN member countries with the aim of investigating the relationship between CO 2 emissions, green finance, energy efficiency, and the green energy index (GEX). After preliminary tests, the study employed the Westerlund test and Johansen Fisher test for long-term equilibrium and estimated the Granger causal links between variables using the generalized method of moments (GMM). The results indicate that green bonds are an effective technique for promoting green energy projects and considerably reducing CO 2 emissions. Therefore, governments should establish supporting policies with a long-term perspective to increase the investment of green energy projects related investment from private participants to ensure sustainable growth and address environmental challenges. This strategy may be appropriate during and after the COVID-19 period.

Suggested Citation

  • Nihal Ahmed & Franklin Ore Areche & Adnan Ahmed Sheikh & Amine Lahiani, 2022. "Green Finance and Green Energy Nexus in ASEAN Countries: A Bootstrap Panel Causality Test," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-13, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:14:p:5068-:d:860505
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    Cited by:

    1. Hyunsoo Kang, 2022. "Impacts of Income Inequality and Economic Growth on CO 2 Emissions: Comparing the Gini Coefficient and the Top Income Share in OECD Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-15, September.
    2. Nihal Ahmed & Zeeshan Hamid & Farhan Mahboob & Khalil Ur Rehman & Muhammad Sibt e Ali & Piotr Senkus & Aneta Wysokińska-Senkus & Paweł Siemiński & Adam Skrzypek, 2022. "Causal Linkage among Agricultural Insurance, Air Pollution, and Agricultural Green Total Factor Productivity in United States: Pairwise Granger Causality Approach," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-17, August.
    3. Farah Roslan & Borhan Abdullah & Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin, 2023. "A panel data method towards the effectiveness of sources of finance in stimulating the realisation of renewable energy technologies: Empirical evidence for Asia‐Pacific," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 62(4), pages 693-722, December.
    4. Nihal Ahmed & Franklin Ore Areche & Guillermo Gomer Cotrina Cabello & Pedro David Córdova Trujillo & Adnan Ahmed Sheikh & Mohamad G. Abiad, 2022. "Intensifying Effects of Climate Change in Food Loss: A Threat to Food Security in Turkey," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-12, December.
    5. Nihal Ahmed & Adnan Ahmed Sheikh & Farhan Mahboob & Muhammad Sibt e Ali & Elżbieta Jasińska & Michał Jasiński & Zbigniew Leonowicz & Alessandro Burgio, 2022. "Energy Diversification: A Friend or Foe to Economic Growth in Nordic Countries? A Novel Energy Diversification Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-15, July.
    6. Nihal Ahmed & Zeeshan Hamid & Khalil Ur Rehman & Piotr Senkus & Nisar Ahmed Khan & Aneta Wysokińska-Senkus & Barbara Hadryjańska, 2023. "Environmental Regulation, Fiscal Decentralization, and Agricultural Carbon Intensity: A Challenge to Ecological Sustainability Policies in the United States," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-21, March.
    7. Nihal Ahmed & Adnan Ahmed Sheikh & Bilal Hassan & Sajjad Nawaz Khan & Ricardo Cosio Borda & Juan Martín Campos Huamán & Piotr Senkus, 2022. "The Role of Educating the Labor Force in Sustaining a Green Economy in MINT Countries: Panel Symmetric and Asymmetric Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-12, September.
    8. Ma, Qiang & Liu, Xin & Wang, Wei-Guo & Xue, Jing, 2023. "Natural resources extraction and COP26 target: Evaluating the role of green finance," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    9. Nihal Ahmed & Adnan Ahmed Sheikh & Zeeshan Hamid & Piotr Senkus & Ricardo Cosio Borda & Aneta Wysokińska-Senkus & Waldemar Glabiszewski, 2022. "Exploring the Causal Relationship among Green Taxes, Energy Intensity, and Energy Consumption in Nordic Countries: Dumitrescu and Hurlin Causality Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-15, July.
    10. Du, Yuqiu & Wang, Wendi, 2023. "The role of green financing, agriculture development, geopolitical risk, and natural resource on environmental pollution in China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    11. Nihal Ahmed & Franklin Ore Areche & Dante Daniel Cruz Nieto & Ricardo Fernando Cosio Borda & Berenice Cajavilca Gonzales & Piotr Senkus & Paweł Siemiński & Adam Skrzypek, 2022. "Nexus between Cyclical Innovation in Green Technologies and CO 2 Emissions in Nordic Countries: Consent toward Environmental Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-20, September.
    12. Wang, Yang & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, 2023. "Green bonds markets and renewable energy development: Policy integration for achieving carbon neutrality," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).

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