IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v12y2019i1p168-d195036.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Photovoltaic Integrated Hybrid Microgrid Structured Electric Vehicle Charging Station and Its Energy Management Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Dominic A. Savio

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM IST, Chennai 603 203, India)

  • Vimala A. Juliet

    (Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, SRM IST, Chennai 603 203, India)

  • Bharatiraja Chokkalingam

    (Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SRM IST, Chennai 603 203, India)

  • Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban

    (Center for Bioenergy and Green Engineering, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark)

  • Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen

    (Center for Bioenergy and Green Engineering, Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark)

  • Frede Blaabjerg

    (Center of Reliable Power Electronics (CORPE), Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark)

Abstract

A hybrid microgrid-powered charging station reduces transmission losses with better power flow control in the modern power system. However, the uncoordinated charging of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) with the hybrid microgrid results in ineffective utilization of the renewable energy sources connected to the charging station. Furthermore, planned development of upcoming charging stations includes a multiport charging facility, which will cause overloading of the utility grid. The paper analyzes the following technical issues: (1) the energy management strategy and converter control of multiport BEV charging from a photovoltaic (PV) source and its effective utilization; (2) maintenance of the DC bus voltage irrespective of the utility grid overloading, which is caused by either local load or the meagerness of PV power through its energy storage unit (ESU). In addition, the charge controller provides closed loop charging through constant current and voltage, and this reduces the charging time. The aim of an energy management strategy is to minimize the usage of utility grid power and store PV power when the vehicle is not connected for charging. The proposed energy management strategy (EMS) was modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink, and its different modes of operation were verified. A laboratory-scale experimental prototype was also developed, and the performance of the proposed charging station was investigated.

Suggested Citation

  • Dominic A. Savio & Vimala A. Juliet & Bharatiraja Chokkalingam & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen & Frede Blaabjerg, 2019. "Photovoltaic Integrated Hybrid Microgrid Structured Electric Vehicle Charging Station and Its Energy Management Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-28, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:1:p:168-:d:195036
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/1/168/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/1/168/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bharatiraja Chokkalingam & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Pierluigi Siano & Ramesh Krishnamoorthy & Raghu Selvaraj, 2017. "Real-Time Forecasting of EV Charging Station Scheduling for Smart Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-16, March.
    2. Rahman, Imran & Vasant, Pandian M. & Singh, Balbir Singh Mahinder & Abdullah-Al-Wadud, M. & Adnan, Nadia, 2016. "Review of recent trends in optimization techniques for plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicle charging infrastructures," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 1039-1047.
    3. Bose, Ranjan Kumar & Srinivasachary, V, 1997. "Policies to reduce energy use and environmental emissions in the transport sector : A case of Delhi city," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 25(14-15), pages 1137-1150, December.
    4. Sung-Guk Yoon & Seok-Gu Kang, 2017. "Economic Microgrid Planning Algorithm with Electric Vehicle Charging Demands," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-16, September.
    5. Pickard, William F. & Shen, Amy Q. & Hansing, Nicholas J., 2009. "Parking the power: Strategies and physical limitations for bulk energy storage in supply-demand matching on a grid whose input power is provided by intermittent sources," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(8), pages 1934-1945, October.
    6. Dallinger, David & Wietschel, Martin, 2012. "Grid integration of intermittent renewable energy sources using price-responsive plug-in electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(5), pages 3370-3382.
    7. Hina Fathima A & Kaliannan Palanisamy & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Umashankar Subramaniam, 2018. "Intelligence-Based Battery Management and Economic Analysis of an Optimized Dual-Vanadium Redox Battery (VRB) for a Wind-PV Hybrid System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-18, October.
    8. Lew Fulton & Alvin Mejia & Magdala Arioli & Kathleen Dematera & Oliver Lah, 2017. "Climate Change Mitigation Pathways for Southeast Asia: CO 2 Emissions Reduction Policies for the Energy and Transport Sectors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-16, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Guilherme V. Hollweg & Shahid A. Khan & Shivam Chaturvedi & Yaoyu Fan & Mengqi Wang & Wencong Su, 2023. "Grid-Connected Converters: A Brief Survey of Topologies, Output Filters, Current Control, and Weak Grids Operation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-31, April.
    2. Mahdi Bayati & Mehrdad Abedi & Maryam Farahmandrad & Gevork B. Gharehpetian & Kambiz Tehrani, 2021. "Important Technical Considerations in Design of Battery Chargers of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-20, September.
    3. Phap Vu Minh & Sang Le Quang & Manh-Hai Pham, 2021. "Technical Economic Analysis of Photovoltaic-Powered Electric Vehicle Charging Stations under Different Solar Irradiation Conditions in Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-20, March.
    4. Naderi, Mobin & Khayat, Yousef & Shafiee, Qobad & Blaabjerg, Frede & Bevrani, Hassan, 2023. "Dynamic modeling, stability analysis and control of interconnected microgrids: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    5. Tiande Mo & Yu Li & Kin-tak Lau & Chi Kin Poon & Yinghong Wu & Yang Luo, 2022. "Trends and Emerging Technologies for the Development of Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-34, August.
    6. Amrutha Raju Battula & Sandeep Vuddanti & Surender Reddy Salkuti, 2021. "Review of Energy Management System Approaches in Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-32, September.
    7. Jean-Michel Clairand & Carlos Álvarez-Bel & Javier Rodríguez-García & Guillermo Escrivá-Escrivá, 2020. "Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy on the Long-Term Planning of an Isolated Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-18, July.
    8. Bastida-Molina, Paula & Hurtado-Pérez, Elías & Moros Gómez, María Cristina & Vargas-Salgado, Carlos, 2021. "Multicriteria power generation planning and experimental verification of hybrid renewable energy systems for fast electric vehicle charging stations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 737-755.
    9. Nick Rigogiannis & Ioannis Bogatsis & Christos Pechlivanis & Anastasios Kyritsis & Nick Papanikolaou, 2023. "Moving towards Greener Road Transportation: A Review," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-25, June.
    10. Wojciech Cieslik & Filip Szwajca & Wojciech Golimowski & Andrew Berger, 2021. "Experimental Analysis of Residential Photovoltaic (PV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Systems in Terms of Annual Energy Utilization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    11. Dominic Savio Abraham & Balaji Chandrasekar & Narayanamoorthi Rajamanickam & Pradeep Vishnuram & Venkatesan Ramakrishnan & Mohit Bajaj & Marian Piecha & Vojtech Blazek & Lukas Prokop, 2023. "Fuzzy-Based Efficient Control of DC Microgrid Configuration for PV-Energized EV Charging Station," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-17, March.
    12. Modawy Adam Ali Abdalla & Wang Min & Omer Abbaker Ahmed Mohammed, 2020. "Two-Stage Energy Management Strategy of EV and PV Integrated Smart Home to Minimize Electricity Cost and Flatten Power Load Profile," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-18, December.
    13. Khairy Sayed & Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil & Ali S. Alghamdi, 2019. "Optimum Resilient Operation and Control DC Microgrid Based Electric Vehicles Charging Station Powered by Renewable Energy Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-23, November.
    14. Phiraphat Antarasee & Suttichai Premrudeepreechacharn & Apirat Siritaratiwat & Sirote Khunkitti, 2022. "Optimal Design of Electric Vehicle Fast-Charging Station’s Structure Using Metaheuristic Algorithms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-22, December.
    15. Kameswara Satya Prakash Oruganti & Chockalingam Aravind Vaithilingam & Gowthamraj Rajendran & Ramasamy A, 2019. "Design and Sizing of Mobile Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant to Support Rapid Charging for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-22, September.
    16. Matej Tkac & Martina Kajanova & Peter Bracinik, 2023. "A Review of Advanced Control Strategies of Microgrids with Charging Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-25, September.
    17. Jicheng Liu & Qiongjie Dai, 2020. "Portfolio Optimization of Photovoltaic/Battery Energy Storage/Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Sustainability Perspective Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory and MOPSO," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-20, January.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gaizka Saldaña & Jose Ignacio San Martin & Inmaculada Zamora & Francisco Javier Asensio & Oier Oñederra, 2019. "Electric Vehicle into the Grid: Charging Methodologies Aimed at Providing Ancillary Services Considering Battery Degradation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-37, June.
    2. Jorge García Álvarez & Miguel Ángel González & Camino Rodríguez Vela & Ramiro Varela, 2018. "Electric Vehicle Charging Scheduling by an Enhanced Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-19, October.
    3. Morsy Nour & José Pablo Chaves-Ávila & Gaber Magdy & Álvaro Sánchez-Miralles, 2020. "Review of Positive and Negative Impacts of Electric Vehicles Charging on Electric Power Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-34, September.
    4. Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, Amin & Pesiridis, Apostolos & Rajoo, Srithar & Martinez-Botas, Ricardo & Esfahanian, Vahid, 2017. "A review of Battery Electric Vehicle technology and readiness levels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 414-430.
    5. Barelli, L. & Bidini, G. & Bonucci, F. & Castellini, L. & Fratini, A. & Gallorini, F. & Zuccari, A., 2019. "Flywheel hybridization to improve battery life in energy storage systems coupled to RES plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 937-950.
    6. Natascia Andrenacci & Roberto Ragona & Antonino Genovese, 2020. "Evaluation of the Instantaneous Power Demand of an Electric Charging Station in an Urban Scenario," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-19, May.
    7. Jun Sheng Teh & Yew Heng Teoh & Heoy Geok How & Thanh Danh Le & Yeoh Jun Jie Jason & Huu Tho Nguyen & Dong Lin Loo, 2021. "The Potential of Sustainable Biomass Producer Gas as a Waste-to-Energy Alternative in Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-31, April.
    8. Jean-Michel Clairand & Paulo Guerra-Terán & Xavier Serrano-Guerrero & Mario González-Rodríguez & Guillermo Escrivá-Escrivá, 2019. "Electric Vehicles for Public Transportation in Power Systems: A Review of Methodologies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-22, August.
    9. Abbaspour, M. & Satkin, M. & Mohammadi-Ivatloo, B. & Hoseinzadeh Lotfi, F. & Noorollahi, Y., 2013. "Optimal operation scheduling of wind power integrated with compressed air energy storage (CAES)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 53-59.
    10. Díaz-González, Francisco & Sumper, Andreas & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Villafáfila-Robles, Roberto, 2012. "A review of energy storage technologies for wind power applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 2154-2171.
    11. Poria Astero & Bong Jun Choi & Hao Liang & Lennart Söder, 2017. "Transactive Demand Side Management Programs in Smart Grids with High Penetration of EVs," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-18, October.
    12. Rabiee, Abdorreza & Khorramdel, Hossein & Aghaei, Jamshid, 2013. "A review of energy storage systems in microgrids with wind turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 316-326.
    13. Raka Jovanovic & Islam Safak Bayram & Sertac Bayhan & Stefan Voß, 2021. "A GRASP Approach for Solving Large-Scale Electric Bus Scheduling Problems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-23, October.
    14. Balázs Kulcsár & Tamás Mankovits & Piroska Gyöngyi Ailer, 2021. "The Renewable Energy Production Capability of Settlements to Meet Local Electricity and Transport Energy Demands," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-21, March.
    15. Romo, R. & Micheloud, O., 2015. "Power quality of actual grids with plug-in electric vehicles in presence of renewables and micro-grids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 189-200.
    16. Hyukjoon Lee & Dongjin Ji & Dong-Ho Cho, 2019. "Optimal Design of Wireless Charging Electric Bus System Based on Reinforcement Learning," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-20, March.
    17. Pearre, Nathaniel S. & Ribberink, Hajo, 2019. "Review of research on V2X technologies, strategies, and operations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 61-70.
    18. Milan Straka & Pasquale De Falco & Gabriella Ferruzzi & Daniela Proto & Gijs van der Poel & Shahab Khormali & v{L}ubov{s} Buzna, 2019. "Predicting popularity of EV charging infrastructure from GIS data," Papers 1910.02498, arXiv.org.
    19. Biresselioglu, Mehmet Efe & Demirbag Kaplan, Melike & Yilmaz, Barbara Katharina, 2018. "Electric mobility in Europe: A comprehensive review of motivators and barriers in decision making processes," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 1-13.
    20. Mahto, Tarkeshwar & Mukherjee, V., 2015. "Energy storage systems for mitigating the variability of isolated hybrid power system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1564-1577.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:1:p:168-:d:195036. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.