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Water Pollution and Agriculture Pesticide

Author

Listed:
  • Samira Mosalaei Rad

    (Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada)

  • Ajay K. Ray

    (Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada)

  • Shahzad Barghi

    (Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada)

Abstract

The agricultural industry uses substantial amounts of water (the highest in the world) mostly for irrigation purposes. Rapid population growth and, consequently, growing demand for food have increased the use of pesticide to have higher yield for crops and other agricultural products. Wastewater generated as a result of excessive use of pesticides/herbicides in agricultural industry is becoming a global issue specifically in developing countries. Over 4,000,000 tons of pesticides are currently used in the world annually and high concentrations above their threshold limits have been detected in water bodies worldwide. The generated wastewater (contaminated with pesticides) has negative impacts on human health, the ecosystem, and the aquatic environment. Recently, biodegradable and biocompatible (including plant-based) pesticides have been introduced as green and safe products to reduce/eliminate the negative impacts of synthetic pesticides. Despite positive advantages of biopesticides, their use is limited due to cost and slow interaction with pests compared to chemical pesticides. Pesticides may also react with water and constituents of soil resulting in formation of intermediates having different physical and chemical properties. Diffusion, dispersion, and permeation are main mechanisms for transfer of pesticides in soil and water. Pesticides may degrade naturally in nature; however, the time requirement can be very long. Many mathematical models have been developed to simulate and estimate the final fate of pesticides in water resources. Development of new technologies and environmentally friendly pesticides to reduce water contamination is becoming increasingly important.

Suggested Citation

  • Samira Mosalaei Rad & Ajay K. Ray & Shahzad Barghi, 2022. "Water Pollution and Agriculture Pesticide," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-15, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:4:y:2022:i:4:p:66-1102:d:948237
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Leticia Gallego-Valero & Encarnación Moral-Parajes & Isabel María Román-Sánchez, 2021. "Wastewater Treatment Costs: A Research Overview through Bibliometric Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Lusk, Jayson L. & Jamal, Mustafa & Kurlander, Lauren & Roucan, Maud & Taulman, Lesley, 2005. "A Meta-Analysis of Genetically Modified Food Valuation Studies," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 30(01), pages 1-17, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sun, Yong & Huang, Xiaomin & Paerhati, Buhailiqimu & Zhou, Kan, 2025. "Collaborative solutions for agricultural water pollution in smallholder economies: Farmers and local governments unite," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    2. Urska Kosi & Paula Relard, 2024. "Are firms (getting) ready for the corporate sustainability reporting directive?," Sustainability Nexus Forum, Springer, vol. 32(1), pages 1-14, December.
    3. Areeba Riaz & Bibi Saba Ibrar & Khansa Bibi & Zunaira Habib & Sadaf Ikram & Hafiz Muhammad Aamir Shahzad & Pin Zhao & Zahra Zahra, 2024. "Degradation of Methyl Orange from Aqueous Solution Using Fe-Ni-Co-Based Trimetallic Nanocomposites: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-18, August.
    4. Yanling Lu & Bo Zhong & Quan Fang, 2025. "Research on Fiscal Support for Agriculture, Green Agricultural Productivity, and the Urban–Rural Income Gap: A PVAR Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-18, June.
    5. Itri Atay & Barış Seyhan & Òscar Saladié, 2024. "Between Hammer and Anvil: Sustainable Tourism and Water Quality on Cyclades Islands Between the Greek Financial Crisis (2009) and the COVID-19 (2020)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-22, December.

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