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Has NAFTA changed North American trade?

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  • David M. Gould

Abstract

The controversy over the success or failure of NAFTA is now bleeding over into discussion about the benefits of extending the trade accord to other countries in the Western Hemisphere. The NAFTA debate has typically focused on its impact on employment. But to understand the overall economic effects of NAFTA, it is important to first determine its impact on trade. In this article, David Gould explores NAFTA's effects on North America's trading patterns since its implementation in 1994. He finds that although it is difficult to distinguish any effect of NAFTA on trade between Canada and Mexico or Canada and the United States, trade between the United States and Mexico has significantly increased since 1994.

Suggested Citation

  • David M. Gould, 1998. "Has NAFTA changed North American trade?," Economic and Financial Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, issue Q 1, pages 12-23.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedder:y:1998:i:q1:p:12-23
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    Cited by:

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    2. World Bank, 2014. "Costa Rica : Five Years after CAFTA-DR, Assessing Early Results for the Costa Rican Economy," World Bank Publications - Reports 20010, The World Bank Group.
    3. Mary E. Burfisher & Sherman Robinson & Karen Thierfelder, 2001. "The Impact of NAFTA on the United States," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 15(1), pages 125-144, Winter.
    4. Fukao, Kyoji & Okubo, Toshihiro & Stern, Robert M., 2003. "An econometric analysis of trade diversion under NAFTA," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 3-24, March.
    5. Howard J. Wall, 2003. "NAFTA and the geography of North American trade," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 85(Mar), pages 13-26.
    6. John Romalis, 2007. "NAFTA's and CUSFTA's Impact on International Trade," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 89(3), pages 416-435, August.
    7. M. Ayhan Kose & Guy M. Meredith & Christopher M. Towe, 2005. "How Has NAFTA Affected the Mexican Economy? Review and Evidence," Springer Books, in: Rolf J. Langhammer & Lúcio Vinhas Souza (ed.), Monetary Policy and Macroeconomic Stabilization in Latin America, pages 35-81, Springer.
    8. Darrat, Ali F. & Zhong, Maosen, 2005. "Equity market linkage and multinational trade accords: The case of NAFTA," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(5), pages 793-817, September.
    9. Erick Elder & Mark Funk & Ashvin Vibhakar & Vincent W. Yao, 2006. "Intra-NAFTA trade and surface traffic: a very disaggregated view," Regional Economic Development, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, issue Oct, pages 87-99.
    10. Aggarwal, Raj & Kyaw, NyoNyo A., 2005. "Equity market integration in the NAFTA region: Evidence from unit root and cointegration tests," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 14(4), pages 393-406.
    11. Perez, Maria P. & Ribera, Luis A. & Palma, Marco A., 2017. "Effects of trade and agricultural policies on the structure of the U.S. tomato industry," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 123-134.
    12. Ramirez, Miguel D., 2003. "Mexico under NAFTA: a critical assessment," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 43(5), pages 863-892.
    13. Mahmood Humaiyid Hamed Al-Wahaibi, 2019. "Logistics Hubs in Oman and Political Uncertainty in the Gulf," Contemporary Review of the Middle East, , vol. 6(2), pages 109-153, June.
    14. Mr. Azim M Sadikov, 2008. "External Tariff Liberalization in CARICOM: A Commodity-Level Analysis," IMF Working Papers 2008/033, International Monetary Fund.
    15. Biró, Flóra Panna & Márkus, Ádám & Erdey, László, 2016. "A kormányzás hatása a közvetlen külföldi tőkebefektetésekre Latin-Amerikában," MPRA Paper 80025, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Bedassa Tadesse & Bichaka Fayissa, 2008. "The impact of African growth and opportunity act (Agoa) on U.S. imports from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(7), pages 920-941.
    17. Roland Z. Szabó & Borbála Szedmák & Anna Tajti & Péter Bera, 2023. "Environmental Sustainability, Digitalisation, and the Entrepreneurial Perception of Distances as Drivers of SMEs’ Internationalisation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-21, January.
    18. Malaga, Jaime E. & Williams, Gary W. & Fuller, Stephen W., 2001. "US-Mexico fresh vegetable trade: the effects of trade liberalization and economic growth," Agricultural Economics, Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 45-55, October.
    19. Pennelope Pacheco-Lopez & Anthony P. Thirlwall, 2004. "Trade liberalisation in Mexico: rhetoric and reality," BNL Quarterly Review, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro, vol. 57(229), pages 141-167.
    20. William C. Gruben, 2001. "Was NAFTA behind Mexico's high maquiladora growth?," Economic and Financial Policy Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, issue Q III, pages 11-21.
    21. Friederike Koehler-Geib & Susana M. Sanchez, 2015. "Costa Rica Five Years after CAFTA-DR," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 22013, December.
    22. Craig Depken & Jon Ford, 1999. "NAFTA as a Means of Raising Rivals' Costs," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 15(2), pages 103-113, September.
    23. Lee, Young-Jae & Kennedy, P. Lynn, 2013. "The Impact Of Nafta On U.S. Agriculture: An Ex-Post, Binary Variable Approach," 2013 Annual Meeting, February 2-5, 2013, Orlando, Florida 142132, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
    24. Agama, Laurie-Ann & McDaniel, Christine A., 2002. "The NAFTA Preference and U.S.-Mexico Trade," Working Papers 15873, United States International Trade Commission, Office of Economics.
    25. Bichaka Fayissa & Badassa Tadasse & Andrew McColley, 2008. "Does a Unilateral Policy Change Promote Trade? The Case of African Growth and Opportunity Act," Working Papers 200801, Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Economics and Finance.

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