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Brecha salarial de género en México: descomposición con selección muestral y heterogeneidad por formalidad (2018–2025)

Author

Listed:
  • José Alberto Pérez Gómez

    (Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla)

  • Steve Aguilar Hernández

    (Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla)

Abstract

Objetivo: Analizar la magnitud, composición y heterogeneidad de la brecha salarial de género en México durante el período 2018–2025, excluyendo 2020 y 2021, con el propósito de evaluar su estabilidad temporal y su heterogeneidad entre los sectores formal e informal del mercado laboral. Metodología: Se aplicó la descomposición Oaxaca–Blinder con corrección de Heckman e identificación paramétrica mediante restricciones de exclusión de fertilidad sobre microdatos deduplicados de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE). Los errores estándar se estimaron mediante el método delta con conglomerados a nivel de unidad primaria de muestreo. Resultados: Los resultados documentaron una brecha salarial condicional estable en torno al 30% durante el período, con un componente explicado negativo que indica una composición observable más favorable para las mujeres. La disparidad se concentró en el sector informal, donde la brecha fue aproximadamente tres veces mayor que en el sector formal. Asimismo, el sesgo de selección fue estadísticamente detectable, aunque económicamente modesto. Implicaciones: Los hallazgos sugieren que la formalización del empleo constituye un mecanismo plausible para reducir la brecha salarial agregada, al limitar el espacio en el que operan penalizaciones salariales no atribuibles a dotaciones observables. Originalidad: El estudio aporta evidencia sobre la estabilidad temporal y la heterogeneidad de la brecha salarial de género en México mediante la combinación de la descomposición Oaxaca–Blinder con corrección de Heckman, incorporando una comparación entre los sectores formal e informal del mercado laboral.

Suggested Citation

  • José Alberto Pérez Gómez & Steve Aguilar Hernández, 2026. "Brecha salarial de género en México: descomposición con selección muestral y heterogeneidad por formalidad (2018–2025)," Ensayos Revista de Economía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, vol. 45(2), pages 307-343, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:ere:journl:v:45:y:2026:i:2:id:366
    DOI: 10.29105/ensayos45.2-6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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