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Parents under stress: Evaluating emergency childcare policies during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany

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  • Schüller, Simone
  • Steinberg, Hannah S.

Abstract

What are the effects of school and daycare facility closures during the COVID-19 pandemic on parental well-being and parenting behavior? Can emergency childcare policies during a pandemic mitigate increases in parental stress and negative parenting behavior? To answer these questions, this study leverages cross-state variation in emergency childcare eligibility rules during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany and draws on unique data from the 2019 and 2020 waves of the German AID:A family panel. Employing a triple-differences approach we identify short- to medium-term intention-to-treat effects and find that while emergency care policies did not considerably affect parents’ life satisfaction, partnership satisfaction or mental health, they have been effective in diminishing harsh parenting behavior. We find partly gendered effects, specifically on paternal parenting behavior. Our results suggest that decreasing parental well-being likely constitutes a general effect of the pandemic, whereas the observed increase in negative and potentially harmful parenting behavior is largely directly caused by school and daycare facility closures.

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  • Schüller, Simone & Steinberg, Hannah S., 2022. "Parents under stress: Evaluating emergency childcare policies during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:labeco:v:78:y:2022:i:c:s0927537122001087
    DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2022.102217
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    Cited by:

    1. Schüller, Simone & Steinberg, Hannah S., 2022. "Parents under stress: Evaluating emergency childcare policies during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Germany," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    2. Werner, Katharina & Woessmann, Ludger, 2021. "The Legacy of COVID-19 in Education," IZA Discussion Papers 14796, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Tsubasa Ito & Michio Naoi & Kazuto Sumita & Qing Ye, 2024. "The Impact of Daycare Closures Owing to COVID-19 on Parental Stress: The Case of Japan," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 579-595, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Parental well-being; Harsh parenting; COVID-19; Policy evaluation; School and daycare closures; AID:A; Difference-in-difference-in-differences; Instrumental variable estimation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D04 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation; Implementation; Evaluation
    • D13 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Production and Intrahouse Allocation
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

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