IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jbrese/v200y2025ics0148296325004813.html

Immigrant youth: The role of familism and intergenerational attitudes on self-employment

Author

Listed:
  • Swab, R. Gabrielle
  • Patel, Pankaj C.

Abstract

Our study utilizes the theory of planned behavior and the theory of basic human values to consider values and familial support as predictors of self-employment. We study this as reflected through familism and intergenerational attitudes among second-generation immigrants. Using a sample of 734 (621 employed and 113 self-employed participants) young individuals (18–25 years) from the three waves of ILSEG data (ILSEG is the Spanish acronym for Investigacion Longitudinal de la Segunda Generacion, Longitudinal Study of the Second Generation), we do not find support that familism is related to self-employment. However, we find that intergenerational attitudes are positively, but marginally, related to self-employment and that these attitudes strengthen the association between familism and the odds of self-employment. We discuss the implications of these findings and the importance of understanding immigrant self-employment.

Suggested Citation

  • Swab, R. Gabrielle & Patel, Pankaj C., 2025. "Immigrant youth: The role of familism and intergenerational attitudes on self-employment," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:200:y:2025:i:c:s0148296325004813
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115658
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296325004813
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115658?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marjan J. Gorgievski & M. Evelina Ascalon & Ute Stephan, 2011. "Small Business Owners' Success Criteria, a Values Approach to Personal Differences," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(2), pages 207-232, April.
    2. Carr, Jon C. & Sequeira, Jennifer M., 2007. "Prior family business exposure as intergenerational influence and entrepreneurial intent: A Theory of Planned Behavior approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 60(10), pages 1090-1098, October.
    3. Rajib Roy & Fatima Akhtar & Niladri Das, 2017. "Entrepreneurial intention among science & technology students in India: extending the theory of planned behavior," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 13(4), pages 1013-1041, December.
    4. Zellweger, Thomas & Sieger, Philipp & Halter, Frank, 2011. "Should I stay or should I go? Career choice intentions of students with family business background," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 26(5), pages 521-536, September.
    5. Edelman, Linda F. & Manolova, Tatiana & Shirokova, Galina & Tsukanova, Tatyana, 2016. "The impact of family support on young entrepreneurs' start-up activities," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 428-448.
    6. Johannes Kleinhempel & Mariko J. Klasing & Sjoerd Beugelsdijk, 2023. "Cultural Roots of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Second-Generation Immigrants," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 34(5), pages 1800-1819, September.
    7. Bacq, Sophie & Alt, Elisa, 2018. "Feeling capable and valued: A prosocial perspective on the link between empathy and social entrepreneurial intentions," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 333-350.
    8. Hugo Valenzuela-García & José Luis Molina & Miranda J. Lubbers & Alejandro García-Macías & Judith Pampalona & Juergen Lerner, 2014. "On Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Networks in a Multilayered Reality: Clashing Interests in the Ethnic Enclave of Lloret de Mar," Societies, MDPI, vol. 4(1), pages 1-20, February.
    9. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
    10. Patel, Pankaj C. & Wolfe, Marcus T. & Bailey, Ryan C., 2023. "You take after your father: Paternal grit and young adult self-employment," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 19(C).
    11. McGrath, Rita Gunther & MacMillan, Ian C. & Scheinberg, Sari, 1992. "Elitists, risk-takers, and rugged individualists? An exploratory analysis of cultural differences between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 7(2), pages 115-135, March.
    12. Teemu Kautonen & Marco van Gelderen & Matthias Fink, 2015. "Robustness of the Theory of Planned Behavior in Predicting Entrepreneurial Intentions and Actions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 39(3), pages 655-674, May.
    13. Joern H. Block & Marcus Wagner, 2010. "Necessity and Opportunity Entrepreneurs in Germany: Characteristics and Earning s Differentials," Schmalenbach Business Review (sbr), LMU Munich School of Management, vol. 62(2), pages 154-174, April.
    14. Thomas Dohmen & Armin Falk & David Huffman & Uwe Sunde, 2009. "The Intergenerational Transmission of Attitudes," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 7(1), pages 8-12, 04.
    15. repec:ces:ifodic:v:7:y:2009:i:1:p:14567006 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Pascal Beckers & Boris F. Blumberg, 2013. "Immigrant entrepreneurship on the move: a longitudinal analysis of first- and second-generation immigrant entrepreneurship in the Netherlands," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(7-8), pages 654-691, September.
    17. Bogatyreva, Karina & Edelman, Linda F. & Manolova, Tatiana S. & Osiyevskyy, Oleksiy & Shirokova, Galina, 2019. "When do entrepreneurial intentions lead to actions? The role of national culture," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 309-321.
    18. Thomas Dohmen & Armin Falk & David Huffman & Uwe Sunde, 2009. "The Intergenerational Transmission of Attitudes," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 7(01), pages 8-12, April.
    19. Dabić, Marina & Vlačić, Bozidar & Paul, Justin & Dana, Leo-Paul & Sahasranamam, Sreevas & Glinka, Beata, 2020. "Immigrant entrepreneurship: A review and research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 25-38.
    20. Soren Newman & Darin Saul & Christy Dearien & Nancy Hernandez, 2023. "Self-Employment or Selfless Employment? Exploration of Factors that Motivate, Facilitate, and Constrain Latina Entrepreneurship from a Family Embeddedness Perspective," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 44(1), pages 206-219, March.
    21. Lofstrom, Magnus & Bates, Timothy & Parker, Simon C., 2014. "Why are some people more likely to become small-businesses owners than others: Entrepreneurship entry and industry-specific barriers," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 232-251.
    22. Memili, Esra & Patel, Pankaj C. & Holt, Daniel T. & Gabrielle Swab, R., 2023. "Family-friendly work practices in family firms: A study investigating job satisfaction," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    23. Aldrich, Howard E. & Cliff, Jennifer E., 2003. "The pervasive effects of family on entrepreneurship: toward a family embeddedness perspective," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 18(5), pages 573-596, September.
    24. Jaskiewicz, Peter & Combs, James G. & Rau, Sabine B., 2015. "Entrepreneurial legacy: Toward a theory of how some family firms nurture transgenerational entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 29-49.
    25. Holt, David H., 1997. "A comparative study of values among Chinese and U.S. entrepreneurs: Pragmatic convergence between contrasting cultures," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 12(6), pages 483-505, November.
    26. Ozgen, Eren & Baron, Robert A., 2007. "Social sources of information in opportunity recognition: Effects of mentors, industry networks, and professional forums," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 174-192, March.
    27. repec:eme:mrn000:01409179810781329 is not listed on IDEAS
    28. Anat Barnir & Erin Mclaughlin, 2011. "Parental Self-Employment, Start-Up Activities And Funding: Exploring Intergenerational Effects," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 16(03), pages 371-392.
    29. David Urbano & Sebastian Aparicio & David Audretsch, 2019. "Twenty-five years of research on institutions, entrepreneurship, and economic growth: what has been learned?," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 53(1), pages 21-49, June.
    30. Matthew J. Lindquist & Joeri Sol & Mirjam Van Praag, 2015. "Why Do Entrepreneurial Parents Have Entrepreneurial Children?," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 33(2), pages 269-296.
    31. Xu, Feng & Kellermanns, Franz W. & Jin, Linlin & Xi, Jing, 2020. "Family support as social exchange in entrepreneurship: Its moderating impact on entrepreneurial stressors-well-being relationships," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 59-73.
    32. Guido Tabellini, 2008. "The Scope of Cooperation: Values and Incentives," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 123(3), pages 905-950.
    33. Marshall, David R. & Meek, William R. & Swab, R. Gabrielle & Markin, Erik, 2020. "Access to resources and entrepreneurial well-being: A self-efficacy approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 203-212.
    34. Hopp, Christian & Minarikova, Dana & Speil, Alexander, 2019. "A chip off the old block? How parent-child interactions affect the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurial intentions," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 11(C), pages 1-1.
    35. Raymond K. Van Ness & Charles F. Seifert & Janet H. Marler & William J. Wales & Mark E. Hughes, 2020. "Proactive Entrepreneurs: Who Are They and How Are They Different?," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, vol. 29(1), pages 148-175, March.
    36. repec:ucp:bkecon:9780226316529 is not listed on IDEAS
    37. Laspita, Stavroula & Breugst, Nicola & Heblich, Stephan & Patzelt, Holger, 2012. "Intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurial intentions," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 27(4), pages 414-435.
    38. Radba Chaganti & Patricia G. Greene, 2002. "Who Are Ethnic Entrepreneurs? A Study of Entrepreneursapos; Ethnic Involvement and Business Characteristics," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(2), pages 126-143, April.
    39. Hyytinen, Ari, 2021. "Shared problem solving and design thinking in entrepreneurship research," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 16(C).
    40. Michael Morris & Minet Schindehutte, 2005. "Entrepreneurial Values and the Ethnic Enterprise: An Examination of Six Subcultures," Journal of Small Business Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(4), pages 453-479, October.
    41. Kim Klyver & Benson Honig & Paul Steffens, 2018. "Social support timing and persistence in nascent entrepreneurship: exploring when instrumental and emotional support is most effective," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 51(3), pages 709-734, October.
    42. Bryan Malki & Timur Uman & Daniel Pittino, 2022. "The entrepreneurial financing of the immigrant entrepreneurs: a literature review," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(3), pages 1337-1365, March.
    43. Daniel V. Holland & Dean A. Shepherd, 2013. "Deciding to Persist: Adversity, Values, and Entrepreneurs’ Decision Policies," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 37(2), pages 331-358, March.
    44. repec:sae:mrxval:v:53:y:2019:i:3:p:770-797 is not listed on IDEAS
    45. Marcus T. Wolfe & Pankaj C. Patel, 2016. "Grit and self-employment: a multi-country study," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 47(4), pages 853-874, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Soleimanof, Sohrab & Morris, Michael H. & Jang, Yongseok, 2021. "Following the footsteps that inspire: Parental passion, family communication, and children’s entrepreneurial attitudes," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 450-461.
    2. Taiyuan Wang & Jie Cao & Nan Lin, 2024. "From sibship to entrepreneurship: an intragenerational perspective on entrepreneurial intention and action," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 41(3), pages 1373-1394, September.
    3. Giuseppe Criaco & Philipp Sieger & Karl Wennberg & Francesco Chirico & Tommaso Minola, 2017. "Parents’ performance in entrepreneurship as a “double-edged sword” for the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 49(4), pages 841-864, December.
    4. Clinton, Eric & Uddin Ahmed, Farhad & Lyons, Roisin & O’Gorman, Colm, 2024. "The drivers of family business succession intentions of daughters and the moderating effects of national gender inequality," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    5. Pittino, Daniel & Chirico, Francesco & Baù, Massimo & Villasana, Marcia & Naranjo-Priego, Elvira E. & Barron, Elda, 2020. "Starting a family business as a career option: The role of the family household in Mexico," Journal of Family Business Strategy, Elsevier, vol. 11(2).
    6. Hahn, Davide & Spitzley, Dinah Isabel & Brumana, Mara & Ruzzene, Attilia & Bechthold, Laura & Prügl, Reinhard & Minola, Tommaso, 2021. "Founding or succeeding? Exploring how family embeddedness shapes the entrepreneurial intentions of the next generation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    7. Dan Wang & Lili Wang & Ling Chen, 2018. "Unlocking the influence of family business exposure on entrepreneurial intentions," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 14(4), pages 951-974, December.
    8. Vladasel, Theodor & Lindquist, Matthew J. & Sol, Joeri & van Praag, Mirjam, 2021. "On the origins of entrepreneurship: Evidence from sibling correlations," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(5).
    9. Carolin Palmer & Ulrike Fasbender & Sascha Kraus & Stephanie Birkner & Norbert Kailer, 2021. "A chip off the old block? The role of dominance and parental entrepreneurship for entrepreneurial intention," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 287-307, February.
    10. Mai Thi Thanh Thai & Amon Simba & Marina Dabić, 2024. "Host versus home country influence on the immigrant entrepreneurial process: an imprinting perspective," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 18(12), pages 3597-3638, December.
    11. Ping Zhang & Xin Wei & Guirong Mao, 2024. "Cultural diversity, social integration, and migrant entrepreneurship—evidence from the China migrants dynamic survey," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(3), pages 1135-1155, March.
    12. Wei Wang & Kimberly A. Eddleston & Francesco Chirico & Stephen X. Zhang & Qiaozhuan Liang & Wei Deng, 2023. "Family Diversity and Business Start-Up: Do Family Meals Feed the Fire of Entrepreneurship?," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(4), pages 1265-1297, July.
    13. Kleinhempel, Johannes & Klasing, Mariko & Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd, 2022. "Cultural Roots of Entrepreneurship," MPRA Paper 115942, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Haiyan Li & Salih Zeki Ozdemir & Peter A. Heslin, 2023. "Merely Folklore? The Role of a Growth Mindset in the Taking and Timing of Entrepreneurial Actions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 47(6), pages 2077-2120, November.
    15. Edelman, Linda F. & Manolova, Tatiana & Shirokova, Galina & Tsukanova, Tatyana, 2016. "The impact of family support on young entrepreneurs' start-up activities," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 428-448.
    16. Jana Schmutzler & Veneta Andonova & Luis Diaz-Serrano, 2019. "How Context Shapes Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy as a Driver of Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Multilevel Approach," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 43(5), pages 880-920, September.
    17. Mateja Vadnjal, 2018. "The Influence of Parents on Female Entrepreneurs in Three Career Development Phases," Management, University of Primorska, Faculty of Management Koper, vol. 13(3), pages 247-263.
    18. Meoli, Azzurra & Fini, Riccardo & Sobrero, Maurizio & Wiklund, Johan, 2020. "How entrepreneurial intentions influence entrepreneurial career choices: The moderating influence of social context," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(3).
    19. Monika Mühlböck & Julia-Rita Warmuth & Marian Holienka & Bernhard Kittel, 2018. "Desperate entrepreneurs: no opportunities, no skills," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 14(4), pages 975-997, December.
    20. Galina Shirokova & Nailya Galieva & Joshua V. White & Diana Doktorova, 2024. "Narcissism, workaholism, family support and new venture performance: a moderated mediation model," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 63(1), pages 379-419, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:200:y:2025:i:c:s0148296325004813. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jbusres .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.