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The resolution of failed banks during the crisis: Acquirer performance and FDIC guarantees, 2008–2013

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  • Cowan, Arnold R.
  • Salotti, Valentina

Abstract

We find that winning bidders in FDIC failed bank auctions from 2008 to 2013 experience substantial positive abnormal stock returns. Returns are inversely related to bid amounts after controlling for bid determinants, consistent with wealth transfers from the FDIC providing implicit subsidies to acquirers. The results challenge arguments that wealth transfers in earlier crises stemmed from since-eliminated bidding restrictions, but support the prediction of cash-in-the-market pricing theory that during crises, resolution through acquisition requires subsidization. Winning bid amounts are related to proxies for cash-in-the-market pricing. FDIC loss sharing, not widely used before the recent failure wave, is an important influence on bids.

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  • Cowan, Arnold R. & Salotti, Valentina, 2015. "The resolution of failed banks during the crisis: Acquirer performance and FDIC guarantees, 2008–2013," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 222-238.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbfina:v:54:y:2015:i:c:p:222-238
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.12.016
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    Cited by:

    1. Jason Allen & Robert Clark & Brent Hickman & Eric Richert, 2019. "Resolving Failed Banks: Uncertainty, Multiple Bidding & Auction Design," Staff Working Papers 19-30, Bank of Canada.
    2. Cappa, Francesco & Collevecchio, Francesca & Oriani, Raffaele & Peruffo, Enzo, 2022. "Banks responding to the digital surge through Open Innovation: Stock market performance effects of M&As with fintech firms," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    3. Cowan, Arnold R. & Salotti, Valentina & Schenck, Natalya A., 2022. "The long-term impact of bank mergers on stock performance and default risk: The aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis✰," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    4. Narendar Rao & K. Reddy, 2015. "The impact of the global financial crisis on cross-border mergers and acquisitions: a continental and industry analysis," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 5(2), pages 309-341, December.
    5. Zhou, Tim, 2015. "Failed bank auctions and externalities," MPRA Paper 65587, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Igan, Deniz & Lambert, Thomas & Wagner, Wolf & Zhang, Eden Quxian, 2022. "Winning connections? Special interests and the sale of failed banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    7. Loveland, Robert, 2016. "How prompt was regulatory corrective action during the financial crisis?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 16-36.
    8. Philip Molyneux & Vineet Upreti & Tim Zhou, 2022. "Depositor Market Discipline: New Evidence from Selling Failed Banks," Working Papers 2022-03, Swansea University, School of Management.
    9. Zentefis, Alexander K., 2020. "Bank net worth and frustrated monetary policy," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(3), pages 687-699.
    10. Sedunov, John, 2020. "Small banks and consumer satisfaction," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    11. Mamun, Abdullah & Tannous, George & Zhang, Sicong, 2021. "Do regulatory bank mergers improve operating performance?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 152-174.
    12. Meng, Bo & Vijh, Anand M., 2021. "Stock merger activity and industry performance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    13. Leledakis, George N. & Pyrgiotakis, Emmanouil G., 2022. "U.S. bank M&As in the post-Dodd–Frank Act era: Do they create value?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    14. Iftekhar HASAN & Jean-Loup SOULA, 2017. "Technical Efficiency in Bank Liquidity Creation," Working Papers of LaRGE Research Center 2017-08, Laboratoire de Recherche en Gestion et Economie (LaRGE), Université de Strasbourg.
    15. Heider, Florian & Schlegel, Jonas & Tröger, Tobias & Wahrenburg, Mark, 2023. "Do "white knights" make excessive profits in bank resolution?," SAFE White Paper Series 98, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    16. Croci, Ettore & Hertig, Gerard & Nowak, Eric, 2016. "Decision-making during the credit crisis: Did the Treasury let commercial banks fail?," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(PA), pages 476-497.
    17. Capponi, Agostino & Dooley, John M. & Oet, Mikhail V. & Ong, Stephen J., 2017. "Capital and resolution policies: The US interbank market," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 229-239.
    18. Tim Mi Zhou, 2018. "Auctions of Failed Banks and the Impact on Losing Bidders," Working Papers 2018-20, Swansea University, School of Management.
    19. Philip Molyneux & Tim Mi Zhou, 2022. "Banking market reaction to auctions of failed banks," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(1), pages 518-534, January.
    20. Kusaya, Charles & O’Keefe, John P. & Ufier, Alexander B., 2023. "Bridging the gap from the current deposit insurance fund to a fund target," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 148-157.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Failed banks; Loss sharing; FDIC; Acquirer gains; Cash-in-the-market pricing; Resolution;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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