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Compressed carbon dioxide energy storage: a comprehensive review of principles, research progress and prospects

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  • Liu, Xu
  • Wang, Ke
  • He, Qing

Abstract

Energy storage technology is supporting technology for building new power systems. As a type of energy storage technology applicable to large-scale and long-duration scenarios, compressed carbon dioxide storage (CCES) has rapidly developed. The CCES projects, including carbon dioxide battery in Italy and carbon dioxide storage demonstration system in China, have also been completed. This paper carries out a comprehensive summary and performance comparison of latest developments in CCES, including theoretical research, experimental studies and demonstration projects. Firstly, the principles, performance indicators and application scenarios of CCES are introduced. Secondly, based on the different configurations of CCES, the systems are categorized into standalone and integrated systems. Furthermore, based on the storage methods of carbon dioxide, CCES is subdivided into seven types of storage systems: gas-to-gas, gas-to-supercritical, gas-to-liquid and liquid-to-liquid, among others. The research progress of each type of system is discussed. Their performance is compared in tabular form. In addition, the experimental research and demonstration projects related to CCES technology are presented. Finally, the advantages and limitations of CCES systems are discussed. The suggestions and prospects for future research and development in CCES are offered.

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  • Liu, Xu & Wang, Ke & He, Qing, 2025. "Compressed carbon dioxide energy storage: a comprehensive review of principles, research progress and prospects," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:324:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225016706
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.136028
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