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Coupling thermodynamics and economics of liquid CO2 energy storage system with refrigerant additives

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  • Fu, Xintao
  • Yan, Xuewen
  • Liu, Zhan

Abstract

Compressed gas energy storage has been applied as a significant solution to smooth fluctuation of renewable energy power. The utilization of CO2 as working fluid in the energy storage system is restricted by high operation pressure and severe condensation conditions. A CO2 mixtures energy storage system without cold storage in the charge period is designed. A comprehensive model and evaluation index that couple the system thermodynamics and economics are established, which is performed in an in-house code. The screened refrigerant additives of R32, R1270, R290, R161, R600a and R600 are examined to blend with CO2. Multi-parameter coupling analysis is carried out to focus on the concurrent relationship between design parameters. Results show that larger system efficiency can be expected when the refrigerant mass fraction moves toward to zero, but it will cause huge capital investment to calcium chloride. This indicates the existence of valley value in the levelized cost of electricity versus refrigerant mass fraction. The refrigerant R32 is mostly recommended due to the resulting largest efficiency and lowest levelized cost of electricity. The proposed system is demonstrated to be more safe and reliable as the storage pressure in high pressure tank is only 5.64 MPa for CO2/R32 (0.85/0.15) as working fluid. The valve exit temperature should be as low as possible and the charge and discharge pressures are preferably located in the ranges of 14–15 MPa for higher efficiency and lower levelized cost of electricity. More charge time and discharge time, longer operating life time, higher peak-hour electricity price and larger station capacity have positive effect on system economic feasibility.

Suggested Citation

  • Fu, Xintao & Yan, Xuewen & Liu, Zhan, 2023. "Coupling thermodynamics and economics of liquid CO2 energy storage system with refrigerant additives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:284:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223020364
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128642
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    References listed on IDEAS

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