IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/enepol/v147y2020ics0301421520305917.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effects of the internalization of the social cost of global and local air pollutants in Chile

Author

Listed:
  • Mardones, Cristian
  • Mena, Camilo

Abstract

In 2017, environmental taxes on global pollutants (CO2) and local air pollutants (SO2, NOX, and PM) began to be collected to reduce emissions in Chile. However, large emitting sources only are subject to environmental taxes and the tax rates are much lower than the social cost of these pollutants, which does not allow to fully internalize the generated damages. For the above, this study uses the environmental extension of the Leontief price model and microsimulations to estimate the economic, environmental, distributive, and poverty short-term effects associated with the application of Pigouvian taxes on all emissions generated by productive activities. The results show that currently there are too many resources allocated to activities that generate strong negative externalities, mainly in the electricity and transport sectors. Specifically, the emissions are reduced almost 10 times more than in the current tax scenario if environmental taxes equal to social costs are applied, but relevant negative indirect effects are generated that make the practical application of a tax of these characteristics unrealistic. For example, there is a fall between 1.2% and 2.9% in employment, slightly worsening the income distribution and increases the poverty rate between 0.9 and 2.3 percentage points.

Suggested Citation

  • Mardones, Cristian & Mena, Camilo, 2020. "Effects of the internalization of the social cost of global and local air pollutants in Chile," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:147:y:2020:i:c:s0301421520305917
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111875
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421520305917
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111875?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. World Bank & Ecofys, "undated". "Carbon Pricing Watch 2017," World Bank Publications - Reports 26565, The World Bank Group.
    2. Mardones, Cristian & Baeza, Nicolas, 2018. "Economic and environmental effects of a CO2 tax in Latin American countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 262-273.
    3. Galetovic, Alexander & Muñoz, Cristián M., 2013. "Wind, coal, and the cost of environmental externalities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1385-1391.
    4. Wang, Qian & Hubacek, Klaus & Feng, Kuishuang & Guo, Lin & Zhang, Kun & Xue, Jinjun & Liang, Qiao-Mei, 2019. "Distributional impact of carbon pricing in Chinese provinces," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 327-340.
    5. Choi, Jun-Ki & Bakshi, Bhavik R. & Haab, Timothy, 2010. "Effects of a carbon price in the U.S. on economic sectors, resource use, and emissions: An input-output approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(7), pages 3527-3536, July.
    6. Jacobs, Bas & de Mooij, Ruud A., 2015. "Pigou meets Mirrlees: On the irrelevance of tax distortions for the second-best Pigouvian tax," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 90-108.
    7. Charles D. Kolstad, 2000. "Spatial Environmental and Resource Economics," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 1918.
    8. Tol, Richard S.J., 2019. "A social cost of carbon for (almost) every country," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 555-566.
    9. Choi, Jun-Ki & Bakshi, Bhavik R. & Hubacek, Klaus & Nader, Jordan, 2016. "A sequential input–output framework to analyze the economic and environmental implications of energy policies: Gas taxes and fuel subsidies," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 830-839.
    10. Cristian Mardones & Tamara Muñoz, 2018. "Environmental taxation for reducing greenhouse gases emissions in Chile: an input–output analysis," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 20(6), pages 2545-2563, December.
    11. Isabelle Cadoret & Emma Galli & Fabio Padovano, 2021. "Environmental taxation: Pigouvian or Leviathan?," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 48(1), pages 37-51, March.
    12. Cristian Mardones & Mirko Lipski, 2020. "A carbon tax on agriculture? A CGE analysis for Chile," Economic Systems Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(2), pages 262-277, April.
    13. Xu, Xiaoliang & Xu, Xuefen & Chen, Qian & Che, Ying, 2018. "The impacts on CO2 emission reduction and haze by coal resource tax reform based on dynamic CGE model," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 268-276.
    14. Lin, Boqiang & Jia, Zhijie, 2019. "How does tax system on energy industries affect energy demand, CO2 emissions, and economy in China?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    15. Xaquin García-Muros & Mercedes Burguillo & Mikel González-Eguino & Desiderio Romero-Jordán, 2017. "Local air pollution and global climate change taxes: a distributional analysis for the case of Spain," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 60(3), pages 419-436, March.
    16. Nong, Duy, 2020. "Development of the electricity-environmental policy CGE model (GTAP-E-PowerS): A case of the carbon tax in South Africa," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    17. Liu, Antung Anthony, 2013. "Tax evasion and optimal environmental taxes," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 66(3), pages 656-670.
    18. Eskinder Demisse Gemechu & Isabela Butnar & Maria Llop & Francesc Castells, 2014. "Economic and environmental effects of CO 2 taxation: an input-output analysis for Spain," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(5), pages 751-768, May.
    19. Markandya, Anil & González-Eguino, Mikel & Escapa, Marta, 2013. "From shadow to green: Linking environmental fiscal reforms and the informal economy," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(S1), pages 108-118.
    20. Cristian Mardones P. & Tamara Muñoz Z., 2017. "Impuesto al CO2 en el sector eléctrico chileno: efectividad y efectos macroeconómicos," Journal Economía Chilena (The Chilean Economy), Central Bank of Chile, vol. 20(1), pages 004-025, April.
    21. Marcela Alegría & Cristian Mardones & Jorge Jiménez, 2013. "Reduction of Pm10 Emissions under Scenarios of Regulation and Availability of Natural Gas in the Bio Bio Region, Chile," Energy & Environment, , vol. 24(6), pages 1031-1041, October.
    22. Guo, Zhengquan & Zhang, Xingping & Zheng, Yuhua & Rao, Rao, 2014. "Exploring the impacts of a carbon tax on the Chinese economy using a CGE model with a detailed disaggregation of energy sectors," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 455-462.
    23. Calderón, Silvia & Alvarez, Andrés Camilo & Loboguerrero, Ana María & Arango, Santiago & Calvin, Katherine & Kober, Tom & Daenzer, Kathryn & Fisher-Vanden, Karen, 2016. "Achieving CO2 reductions in Colombia: Effects of carbon taxes and abatement targets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 575-586.
    24. Cropper, Maureen L & Oates, Wallace E, 1992. "Environmental Economics: A Survey," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 30(2), pages 675-740, June.
    25. Samuel Meng, 2015. "Is the agricultural industry spared from the influence of the Australian carbon tax?," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 46(1), pages 125-137, January.
    26. Dresdner, Jorge & Salazar, Leonardo & Quiroga, Miguel & Riquelme, Andrés & Zurita, Grethel, 2017. "¿Existe rigidez en el ajuste del empleo en Chile?," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(333), pages .73-102, enero-mar.
    27. Wesseh, Presley K. & Lin, Boqiang, 2018. "Optimal carbon taxes for China and implications for power generation, welfare, and the environment," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 1-8.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mardones, Cristian & Alvial, Esteban, 2024. "Evaluation of a carbon tax in Costa Rica linking a demand system focused on energy goods and an input-output model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 363(C).
    2. Xinjin Li & Ruyin Long, 2021. "Dynamic Impact of Environmental Regulation on Environmental Performance in China: New Evidence from a Semiparametric Additive Panel Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-14, September.
    3. Sun, Qingqing & Chen, Hong & Long, Ruyin & Yang, Jiahui, 2023. "Who will pay for the “bicycle cemetery”? Evolutionary game analysis of recycling abandoned shared bicycles under dynamic reward and punishment," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 305(2), pages 917-929.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Mardones, Cristian & García, Catalina, 2020. "Effectiveness of CO2 taxes on thermoelectric power plants and industrial plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    2. Cristian Mardones, 2021. "Analysis on complementarity between a CO2 tax and an emissions trading system to reduce industrial emissions in Chile," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(5), pages 820-833, August.
    3. Mardones, Cristian & Baeza, Nicolas, 2018. "Economic and environmental effects of a CO2 tax in Latin American countries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 262-273.
    4. Mardones, Cristian & Flores, Belén, 2018. "Effectiveness of a CO2 tax on industrial emissions," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 370-382.
    5. Cristian Mardones & Tamara Muñoz, 2018. "Environmental taxation for reducing greenhouse gases emissions in Chile: an input–output analysis," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 20(6), pages 2545-2563, December.
    6. Recep Ulucak & Danish & Yacouba Kassouri, 2020. "An assessment of the environmental sustainability corridor: Investigating the non‐linear effects of environmental taxation on CO2 emissions," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(4), pages 1010-1018, July.
    7. Hu, Haisheng & Dong, Wanhao & Zhou, Qian, 2021. "A comparative study on the environmental and economic effects of a resource tax and carbon tax in China: Analysis based on the computable general equilibrium model," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    8. Xavier Labandeira & José M. Labeaga & Xiral López-Otero, 2019. "New Green Tax Reforms: Ex-Ante Assessments for Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-25, October.
    9. Mardones, Cristian & Cabello, Martin, 2019. "Effectiveness of local air pollution and GHG taxes: The case of Chilean industrial sources," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 491-500.
    10. Mardones, Cristian, 2023. "Economic and environmental effects of financing subsidies for non-conventional renewable energies with a carbon tax – A comparison of intersectoral models," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    11. Li, Zhengda & Zheng, Chengxin & Liu, Aimin & Yang, Yang & Yuan, Xiaoling, 2022. "Environmental taxes, green subsidies, and cleaner production willingness: Evidence from China's publicly traded companies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    12. Jia, Zhijie & Lin, Boqiang, 2020. "Rethinking the choice of carbon tax and carbon trading in China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    13. Sun, Xiaohua & Ren, Junlin & Wang, Yun, 2022. "The impact of resource taxation on resource curse: Evidence from Chinese resource tax policy," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    14. Xie, Peijun & Jamaani, Fouad, 2022. "Does green innovation, energy productivity and environmental taxes limit carbon emissions in developed economies: Implications for sustainable development," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 66-78.
    15. Yi, Yongxi & Xu, Rongwei & Zhang, Sheng, 2019. "A differential game of R&D investment for pollution abatement in different market structures," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 524(C), pages 587-600.
    16. Cui, Lianbiao & Li, Rongjing & Song, Malin & Zhu, Lei, 2019. "Can China achieve its 2030 energy development targets by fulfilling carbon intensity reduction commitments?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 61-73.
    17. Yingbin Zhou & Siqi Lv & Jianlin Wang & Junbo Tong & Zhong Fang, 2022. "The Impact of Green Taxes on the Carbon Emission Efficiency of China’s Construction Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-18, April.
    18. Dorband, Ira Irina & Jakob, Michael & Kalkuhl, Matthias & Steckel, Jan Christoph, 2019. "Poverty and distributional effects of carbon pricing in low- and middle-income countries – A global comparative analysis," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 246-257.
    19. McLaughlin, Craig & Elamer, Ahmed A. & Glen, Thomas & AlHares, Aws & Gaber, Hazem Rasheed, 2019. "Accounting society's acceptability of carbon taxes: Expectations and reality," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 302-311.
    20. Augusto Mussi Alvim & Eduardo Rodrigues Sanguinet, 2021. "Climate Change Policies and the Carbon Tax Effect on Meat and Dairy Industries in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-20, August.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:147:y:2020:i:c:s0301421520305917. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/enpol .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.