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Exposure to Islamophobia: The impacts of an increased risk of bullying victimization on human capital

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  • Romero-Ciavatto, J. Gabriel
  • Chirkova, Serafima

Abstract

We use the shock caused by terrorist attacks on the US on September 11, 2001, to study the short- and long-term consequences of exposure to Islamophobia in high-school-aged youths. Our estimates show an immediate sharp increase in rates of identity-based bullying against Arab/Muslim youths relative to youths of other ethnic groups during the years 2001-2003. We also find exposure to Islamophobia increased school dropout rates by 4.11% among US-born male youths of Arab-Muslim origin, which is a large effect from a baseline of 4.6% of school dropout rate in the affected population. In the long term, however, we find no significant effect on educational attainment among the affected population. The data suggest Arab-Muslim male youths born in 1989 were 8.34% more likely to resort to GED tests as a means of obtaining high school credentials after the attacks. We find full-time male workers born in 1984 earn 12.8% less than similar workers who were unexposed to Islamophobia. Moreover, full-time male Arab-Muslim workers born between 1983 and 1985 are between 9% and 12.5% more likely to be in the first quintile of the state-of-residence-year-wage distribution than similar workers who were not exposed to Islamophobia.

Suggested Citation

  • Romero-Ciavatto, J. Gabriel & Chirkova, Serafima, 2024. "Exposure to Islamophobia: The impacts of an increased risk of bullying victimization on human capital," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:ehbiol:v:52:y:2024:i:c:s1570677x23001259
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101344
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Islamophobia; Identity-based-bullying victimization; Human capital accumulation; Labor market outcomes;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C21 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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