IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecmode/v55y2016icp322-327.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The optimal percentage requirement and welfare comparisons in a two-country electricity market with a common tradable green certificate system

Author

Listed:
  • Sun, Yanming

Abstract

The tradable green certificate (TGC) system, with its requirement for a percentage commitment to energy production from renewable sources, has become an important instrument in resolving greenhouse gas (GHG) issues and promoting the generation of sustainable energy. In this paper, based on the model of Aune et al. (2012) and the framework in Currier and Rassouli-Currier (2012), I analyze a competitive electricity market with two countries. I geometrically illustrate that under competitive equilibrium, variations in the renewable quota generate an “equilibrium locus” corresponding to the set of renewable/fossil fuel-based electricity supply and demand levels attainable across the two countries. With this concept, I further derive the pricing rule for TGCs when the percentage requirement is the only policy instrument and the regulator chooses it optimally to maximize welfare along the “equilibrium locus.” Using a geometric illustration, I compare the two countries' welfare when the renewable quota is chosen optimally in the common certificate market with three different situations, in particular: (i) before the introduction of a common TGC market when the renewable quota is chosen optimally; (ii) when all firms are fossil fuel energy producers and just produce the competitive equilibrium output; and (iii) when all firms are fossil fuel energy producers regulated by a CO2 emissions standard. I find that the total welfare with the optimal renewable share in a common certificate market is always greater than situations (i) and (ii), and is also greater than situation (iii) when damages by fossil energy producers are sufficiently bounded. Our policy recommendation is that when the value of the damage parameter is sufficiently small, full integration with a common TGC market is superior in terms of welfare to that of an entirely fossil fuel-based market with an optimal emissions standard. The numerical example demonstrates the welfare comparison results in the theoretical model.

Suggested Citation

  • Sun, Yanming, 2016. "The optimal percentage requirement and welfare comparisons in a two-country electricity market with a common tradable green certificate system," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 322-327.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:55:y:2016:i:c:p:322-327
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2016.02.019
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026499931630030X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.02.019?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Currier, Kevin M., 2013. "A regulatory adjustment process for the determination of the optimal percentage requirement in an electricity market with Tradable Green Certificates," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1053-1057.
    2. Eirik Amundsen & Fridrik Baldursson & Jørgen Mortensen, 2006. "Price Volatility and Banking in Green Certificate Markets," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 35(4), pages 259-287, December.
    3. Palmer, Karen & Burtraw, Dallas, 2005. "Cost-effectiveness of renewable electricity policies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(6), pages 873-894, November.
    4. Nielsen, Lene & Jeppesen, Tim, 2003. "Tradable Green Certificates in selected European countries--overview and assessment," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 3-14, January.
    5. Aune, Finn Roar & Dalen, Hanne Marit & Hagem, Cathrine, 2012. "Implementing the EU renewable target through green certificate markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 992-1000.
    6. Amundsen, Eirik S. & Nese, Gjermund, 2009. "Integration of tradable green certificate markets: What can be expected?," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 31(6), pages 903-922, November.
    7. Torstein Bye, 2003. "On the Price and Volume Effects from Green Certificates in the Energy Market," Discussion Papers 351, Statistics Norway, Research Department.
    8. Tamás, Mészáros Mátyás & Bade Shrestha, S.O. & Zhou, Huizhong, 2010. "Feed-in tariff and tradable green certificate in oligopoly," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(8), pages 4040-4047, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hu, Yu & Chi, Yuanying & Zhou, Wenbing & Li, Jialin & Wang, Zhengzao & Yuan, Yongke, 2023. "The interactions between renewable portfolio standards and carbon emission trading in China: An evolutionary game theory perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    2. Yanming Sun & Lin Zhang, 2019. "Full Separation or Full Integration? An Investigation of the Optimal Renewables Policy Employing Tradable Green Certificate Systems in Two Countries’ Electricity Markets," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Karakosta, Ourania & Petropoulou, Dimitra, 2022. "The EU electricity market: Renewables targets, Tradable Green Certificates and electricity trade," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    4. Zheng, Baoning & Bao, Zhejing & Yang, Li, 2023. "Design and equilibrium analysis of integrated market of ISO-led carbon emissions, green certificates and electricity considering their interplay," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    5. Xin-gang, Zhao & Ling-zhi, Ren & Yu-zhuo, Zhang & Guan, Wan, 2018. "Evolutionary game analysis on the behavior strategies of power producers in renewable portfolio standard," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 505-516.
    6. Tan, Qinliang & Ding, Yihong & Zheng, Jin & Dai, Mei & Zhang, Yimei, 2021. "The effects of carbon emissions trading and renewable portfolio standards on the integrated wind–photovoltaic–thermal power-dispatching system: Real case studies in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    7. Yaxin Tan & Zhiyu Xu & Weisheng Xu, 2022. "A Two-Phase Hybrid Trading of Green Certificate under Renewables Portfolio Standards in Community of Active Energy Agents," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-17, September.
    8. Sun, Yanming & Shen, Simiao & Zhou, Chuanyu, 2023. "Does the pilot emissions trading system in China promote innovation? Evidence based on green technology innovation in the energy sector," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yanming Sun & Lin Zhang, 2019. "Full Separation or Full Integration? An Investigation of the Optimal Renewables Policy Employing Tradable Green Certificate Systems in Two Countries’ Electricity Markets," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Heimvik, Arild & Amundsen, Eirik S., 2019. "Prices vs. percentages: Use of tradable green certificates as an instrument of greenhouse gas mitigation," Working Papers in Economics 1/19, University of Bergen, Department of Economics.
    3. Karakosta, Ourania & Petropoulou, Dimitra, 2022. "The EU electricity market: Renewables targets, Tradable Green Certificates and electricity trade," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    4. Xin-gang, Zhao & Tian-tian, Feng & Lu, Cui & Xia, Feng, 2014. "The barriers and institutional arrangements of the implementation of renewable portfolio standard: A perspective of China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 371-380.
    5. Currier, Kevin M., 2013. "A regulatory adjustment process for the determination of the optimal percentage requirement in an electricity market with Tradable Green Certificates," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1053-1057.
    6. Kevin Currier & Yanming Sun, 2014. "Market Power and Welfare in Electricity Markets Employing Tradable Green Certificate Systems," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 20(2), pages 129-138, May.
    7. Arild Heimvik & Eirik S. Amundsen, 2019. "Prices vs. percentages: use of tradable green certificates as an instrument of greenhouse gas mitigation," CESifo Working Paper Series 7521, CESifo.
    8. Paul Koutstaal & Michiel Bijlsma & Gijsbert Zwart & X. van Tilburg, 2009. "Market performance and distributional effects on renewable energy markets," CPB Document 190.rdf, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    9. Coulon, Michael & Khazaei, Javad & Powell, Warren B., 2015. "SMART-SREC: A stochastic model of the New Jersey solar renewable energy certificate market," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 13-31.
    10. Mulder, Peter & de Groot, Henri L.F., 2013. "Dutch sectoral energy intensity developments in international perspective, 1987–2005," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 501-512.
    11. Pineda, Salvador & Boomsma, Trine K. & Wogrin, Sonja, 2018. "Renewable generation expansion under different support schemes: A stochastic equilibrium approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 266(3), pages 1086-1099.
    12. Gupta, Sandeep Kumar & Purohit, Pallav, 2013. "Renewable energy certificate mechanism in India: A preliminary assessment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 380-392.
    13. Unteutsch, Michaela, 2014. "Redistribution Effects Resulting from Cross-Border Cooperation in Support for Renewable Energy," EWI Working Papers 2014-1, Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI).
    14. Eirik S. Amundsen & Torstein Bye, 2016. "Simultaneous use of black, green, and white certificates systems: A rather messy business," IFRO Working Paper 2016/03, University of Copenhagen, Department of Food and Resource Economics.
    15. Amundsen, Eirik Schrøder & Bye, Torstein, 2016. "Simultaneous use of black, green, and white certificates systems: A rather messy business," Working Papers in Economics 06/16, University of Bergen, Department of Economics.
    16. Paul Koutstaal & X. van Tilburg & Michiel Bijlsma & Gijsbert Zwart, 2009. "Market performance and distributional effects on renewable energy markets," CPB Document 190, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    17. Heimvik, Arild & Amundsen, Eirik S., 2021. "Prices vs. percentages: Use of tradable green certificates as an instrument of greenhouse gas mitigation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    18. Aune, Finn Roar & Dalen, Hanne Marit & Hagem, Cathrine, 2012. "Implementing the EU renewable target through green certificate markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 992-1000.
    19. Arjen de Vetten, 2007. "Incentives and Regional Coordination in Employment Services," CPB Memorandum 190.rdf, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    20. Wolfgang, Ove & Jaehnert, Stefan & Mo, Birger, 2015. "Methodology for forecasting in the Swedish–Norwegian market for el-certificates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 322-333.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Optimal percentage requirement; Tradable green certificate system; Welfare; Greenhouse gas emissions;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q28 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Government Policy
    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:55:y:2016:i:c:p:322-327. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/30411 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.