IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/ecanpo/v83y2024icp1097-1114.html

Carbon blessing or carbon curse? The role of fiscal policy

Author

Listed:
  • Lee, Chien-Chiang
  • Du, Lixia
  • Wang, Chang-song

Abstract

Green development is the inevitable requirement of high-quality development in the resource-based regions, and it is also the fundamental guarantee for realizing environmental sustainability in the resource-based regions. Based on the panel data of 242 cities in China from 2006 to 2019, this paper explores whether mineral resource abundance is a blessing or a curse for carbon emission intensity and whether fiscal policy plays an intermediary role. We draw the following conclusions: (1) The overall performance of mineral resources is a carbon curse effect, because the carbon curse effect of mineral resources is greater than the carbon blessing effect. (2) Mechanism analysis reveals that the decrease in fiscal pressure and the increase in fiscal dependence are the formation paths of carbon blessing and carbon curse, respectively. (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that the occurrence and intensity of the carbon curse are related to the level of local foreign investment, government intervention, and industrial diversification. The research results explain the supplementary motivation of government quality and provide Chinese evidence for the transformation and upgrading of resource-based regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Lee, Chien-Chiang & Du, Lixia & Wang, Chang-song, 2024. "Carbon blessing or carbon curse? The role of fiscal policy," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 1097-1114.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecanpo:v:83:y:2024:i:c:p:1097-1114
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2024.08.012
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0313592624002017
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.eap.2024.08.012?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Qin, Yue & Tong, Fan & Yang, Guang & Mauzerall, Denise L., 2018. "Challenges of using natural gas as a carbon mitigation option in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 457-462.
    2. Zhang, Xiaoming & Tian, Yiming & Lee, Chien-Chiang, 2025. "Corrigendum to “Enforcement actions and systemic risk” [Emerging Markets Review 59 (2024) 101115]," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    3. Apergis, Nicholas & Payne, James E., 2014. "The oil curse, institutional quality, and growth in MENA countries: Evidence from time-varying cointegration," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 1-9.
    4. Xu, Hao & Xu, Jingxuan & Wang, Jie & Hou, Xiang, 2023. "Reduce production or increase efficiency? Hazardous air pollutants regulation, energy use, and the synergistic effect on industrial enterprises' carbon emission," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    5. Wang, Dong & Wang, Ziwei & Cai, Wanhuan & Wu, Qiuxiang, 2024. "Digital inclusive finance, higher education expansion and regional carbon emissions: Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PA), pages 1091-1101.
    6. Su, Chi-Wei & Khan, Khalid & Tao, Ran & Umar, Muhammad, 2020. "A review of resource curse burden on inflation in Venezuela," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    7. Goel, Rajeev K. & Herrala, Risto & Mazhar, Ummad, 2013. "Institutional quality and environmental pollution: MENA countries versus the rest of the world," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 508-521.
    8. Fan, Fei & Dai, Shangze & Yang, Bo & Ke, Haiqian, 2023. "Urban density, directed technological change, and carbon intensity: An empirical study based on Chinese cities," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    9. Zhang, Cuifang & Xiang, Xiandeng, 2023. "Fiscal decentralization, environmental policy stringency, and resource sustainability: Panacea or Pandora's box in high resource consuming countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    10. Ott, Ingrid & Soretz, Susanne, 2008. "Growth strategies: Fiscal versus institutional policies," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 25(4), pages 605-622, July.
    11. Mohtadi, Soran & Castells-Quintana, David, 2021. "The distributional dimension of the resource curse: Commodity price shocks and income inequality," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 59, pages 63-78.
    12. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Wang, Chang-song & He, Zhiwen & Xing, Wen-wu & Wang, Keying, 2023. "How does green finance affect energy efficiency? The role of green technology innovation and energy structure," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(P1).
    13. Havranek, Tomas & Horvath, Roman & Zeynalov, Ayaz, 2016. "Natural Resources and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 134-151.
    14. Chen, Jiandong & Li, Yuqing & Xu, Yiyin & Vardanyan, Michael & Shen, Zhiyang & Song, Malin, 2023. "The impact of fiscal technology expenditures on innovation drive and carbon emissions in China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    15. Elbra, Ainsley D., 2013. "The forgotten resource curse: South Africa's poor experience with mineral extraction," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 549-557.
    16. Hu, Yuan, 2012. "Energy conservation assessment of fixed-asset investment projects: An attempt to improve energy efficiency in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 327-334.
    17. Lee, Chien-Chiang & He, Zhi-Wen, 2022. "Natural resources and green economic growth: An analysis based on heterogeneous growth paths," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    18. Smith, Brock, 2015. "The resource curse exorcised: Evidence from a panel of countries," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 57-73.
    19. Arin, K. Peren & Braunfels, Elias, 2018. "The resource curse revisited: A Bayesian model averaging approach," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 170-178.
    20. Ho, Po-Hsin & Huang, Chia-Wei & Lin, Chih-Yung & Yen, Ju-Fang, 2024. "Risk culture in corporate innovation," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    21. Che, Shuai & Wang, Jun, 2022. "Can environmental regulation solve the carbon curse of natural resource dependence: Evidence from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    22. Auty, Richard M., 2007. "Natural resources, capital accumulation and the resource curse," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(4), pages 627-634, March.
    23. Dogan, Eyup & Majeed, Muhammad Tariq & Luni, Tania, 2021. "Analyzing the impacts of geopolitical risk and economic uncertainty on natural resources rents," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    24. Deng, Wenyueyang & Zhang, Zenglian & Guo, Borui, 2024. "Firm-level carbon risk awareness and Green transformation: A research on the motivation and consequences from government regulation and regional development perspective," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    25. Meng, Fanting, 2024. "Driving sustainable development: Fiscal policy and the promotion of natural resource efficiency," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    26. Alvarado, Rafael & Tillaguango, Brayan & López-Sánchez, Michelle & Ponce, Pablo & Işık, Cem, 2021. "Heterogeneous impact of natural resources on income inequality: The role of the shadow economy and human capital index," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 690-704.
    27. Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Roubaud, David & Farhani, Sahbi, 2018. "How economic growth, renewable electricity and natural resources contribute to CO2 emissions?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 356-367.
    28. Lou, Zhaohui & Xie, Qizhuo & Shen, Jim Huangnan & Lee, Chien-Chiang, 2024. "Does Supply Chain Finance (SCF) alleviate funding constraints of SMEs? Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(PA).
    29. Liu, Xiaoxiao & Niu, Qian & Dong, Shuli & Zhong, Shuiying, 2023. "How does renewable energy consumption affect carbon emission intensity? Temporal-spatial impact analysis in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    30. Zhang, Weike & Fan, Hongxia & Zhao, Qiwei, 2023. "Seeing green: How does digital infrastructure affect carbon emission intensity?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PB).
    31. Irfan, Muhammad & Rehman, Mubeen Abdur & Razzaq, Asif & Hao, Yu, 2023. "What derives renewable energy transition in G-7 and E-7 countries? The role of financial development and mineral markets," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    32. He, Lerong & Jiang, Xiaozhen & Fang, Liting, 2023. "Tax policy reform and corporate innovation in China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 55(PA).
    33. Orihuela, José Carlos, 2013. "How do “Mineral-States” Learn? Path-Dependence, Networks, and Policy Change in the Development of Economic Institutions," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 138-148.
    34. Lin, Boqiang & Wang, Chonghao, 2023. "Does industrial relocation affect regional carbon intensity? Evidence from China's secondary industry," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
    35. Halvor Mehlum & Karl Moene & Ragnar Torvik, 2006. "Institutions and the Resource Curse," Springer Books, in: Roger D. Congleton & Kai A. Konrad & Arye L. Hillman (ed.), 40 Years of Research on Rent Seeking 2, pages 245-264, Springer.
    36. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Wang, Fuhao, 2022. "How does digital inclusive finance affect carbon intensity?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 174-190.
    37. Zhang, Zhengjia & Wang, Qingxiang & Liu, Zhengguang & Chen, Qi & Guo, Zhiling & Zhang, Haoran, 2023. "Renew mineral resource-based cities: Assessment of PV potential in coal mining subsidence areas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    38. Gao, Ya & Li, Bing & Sun, Weizeng, 2023. "Resource curse on innovation: A perspective on local mining industry monopolies in resource-based cities in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    39. Kim, Yeong Jae & Cho, Seong-Hoon, 2023. "Is the discovery of oil a blessing or curse in the era of climate change?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(PA).
    40. Tan, Qijia & Li, Cuilan & Qin, Zhaohui & Yu, Siming & Pan, Yuchen & Andrianarimanana, Mihasina Harinaivo, 2023. "Impact of fiscal education expenditure on innovation of local listed enterprises: Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    41. Cao, Bing & Biqing, li & li, Jiaying & Hafeez, Muhammad, 2023. "An assessment of resource curse hypothesis for Chinese economy," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(PB).
    42. Li, Guiping & Zhang, Xiaohua & Xiao, Zheng & Liu, Wei & He, Qian, 2023. "Land under cereal production and environmental sustainability: Influence of total natural resources rents in the United States," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
    43. Pan, Yinghao & Zhang, Chao-Chao & Lee, Chien-Chiang & Lv, Suxiang, 2024. "Environmental performance evaluation of electric enterprises during a power crisis: Evidence from DEA methods and AI prediction algorithms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    44. Berisha, Edmond & Chisadza, Carolyn & Clance, Matthew & Gupta, Rangan, 2021. "Income inequality and oil resources: Panel evidence from the United States," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    45. Stijns, Jean-Philippe, 2006. "Natural resource abundance and human capital accumulation," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 34(6), pages 1060-1083, June.
    46. Zhu, Yongbin & Shi, Yajuan & Wu, Jing & Wu, Leying & Xiong, Wen, 2018. "Exploring the Characteristics of CO2 Emissions Embodied in International Trade and the Fair Share of Responsibility," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 574-587.
    47. Qiang, Qiu & Jian, Chen, 2020. "Natural resource endowment, institutional quality and China's regional economic growth," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    48. Shao, Shuai & Xu, Le & Yang, Lili & Yu, Dianfan, 2024. "How do energy-saving policies improve environmental quality: Evidence from China’s Top 10,000 energy-consuming enterprises program," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    49. Brunnschweiler, Christa N., 2008. "Cursing the Blessings? Natural Resource Abundance, Institutions, and Economic Growth," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 399-419, March.
    50. Hunt Allcott & Daniel Keniston, 2018. "Dutch Disease or Agglomeration? The Local Economic Effects of Natural Resource Booms in Modern America," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 85(2), pages 695-731.
    51. Baz, Khan & Xu, Deyi & Cheng, Jinhua & Zhu, Yongguang & Huaping, Sun & Ali, Hashmat & Abbas, Khizar & Ali, Imad, 2022. "Effect of mineral resource complexity and fossil fuel consumption on economic growth: A new study based on the product complexity index from emerging Asian economies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    52. Hou, Xiang & Hu, Qianlin & Liang, Xin & Xu, Jingxuan, 2023. "How do low-carbon city pilots affect carbon emissions? Staggered difference in difference evidence from Chinese firms," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 664-686.
    53. Chiroleu-Assouline, Mireille & Fodha, Mouez & Kirat, Yassine, 2020. "Carbon curse in developed countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    54. Wang, Keying & Wu, Meng & Sun, Yongping & Shi, Xunpeng & Sun, Ao & Zhang, Ping, 2019. "Resource abundance, industrial structure, and regional carbon emissions efficiency in China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 203-214.
    55. Halvor Mehlum & Karl Moene & Ragnar Torvik, 2006. "Cursed by Resources or Institutions?," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(8), pages 1117-1131, August.
    56. Zhao, Jun & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Dong, Xiucheng & Dong, Kangyin, 2021. "How does financial risk affect global CO2 emissions? The role of technological innovation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    57. Yahya, Farzan & Lee, Chien-Chiang, 2023. "Disentangling the asymmetric effect of financialization on the green output gap," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    58. Friedrichs, Jörg & Inderwildi, Oliver R., 2013. "The carbon curse: Are fuel rich countries doomed to high CO2 intensities?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 1356-1365.
    59. Badeeb, Ramez Abubakr & Lean, Hooi Hooi & Clark, Jeremy, 2017. "The evolution of the natural resource curse thesis: A critical literature survey," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 123-134.
    60. Mao, Fengfu & Hou, Yuqiao & Wang, Rong & Wang, Zongshun, 2023. "Can industrial intelligence break the carbon curse of natural resources in the context of Post-Covid-19 period? Fresh evidence from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PA).
    61. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Wang, Fuhao & Lou, Runchi & Wang, Keying, 2023. "How does green finance drive the decarbonization of the economy? Empirical evidence from China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 671-684.
    62. Bai, Ling & Guo, Tianran & Xu, Wei & Liu, Yaobin & Kuang, Ming & Jiang, Lei, 2023. "Effects of digital economy on carbon emission intensity in Chinese cities: A life-cycle theory and the application of non-linear spatial panel smooth transition threshold model," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    63. Tian, Ye & Chen, Songbo & Dai, Li, 2024. "How climate risk drives corporate green innovation: Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    64. Li, Jiaman & Dong, Kangyin & Wang, Kun & Dong, Xiucheng, 2023. "How does natural resource dependence influence carbon emissions? The role of environmental regulation," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    65. Hong, Ji Yeon & Yang, Wenhui, 2024. "How Natural Resources Affect Corruption in China," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    66. Wu, Linfei & Sun, Liwen & Qi, Peixiao & Ren, Xiangwei & Sun, Xiaoting, 2021. "Energy endowment, industrial structure upgrading, and CO2 emissions in China: Revisiting resource curse in the context of carbon emissions," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    67. Ongo Nkoa, Bruno Emmanuel & Tadadjeu, Sosson & Njangang, Henri, 2023. "Rich in the dark: Natural resources and energy poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    68. Li, Jiajia & Wang, Pengxin & Ma, Shan, 2024. "The impact of different transportation infrastructures on urban carbon emissions: Evidence from China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    69. Xue, Mingfu & Razzaq, Asif & Afshan, Sahar & Yang, Xiaodong, 2023. "Fiscal pressure and carbon intensity: A quasi-natural experiment based on education authority reform," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhao, Ruizeng & An, Yuchen & Tu, Hanyun & Song, Jiashan, 2024. "China's economic growth and low-carbon development under the background of resource curse: A new perspective based on digital finance," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
    2. Lee, Chien-Chiang & He, Zhi-Wen, 2022. "Natural resources and green economic growth: An analysis based on heterogeneous growth paths," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    3. Cheng, Zhonghua & Li, Lianshui & Liu, Jun, 2020. "Natural resource abundance, resource industry dependence and economic green growth in China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    4. Zuo, Na & Zhong, Hua, 2020. "Can resource policy reverse the resource curse? Evidence from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    5. Hasanov, Fakhri J. & Aliyev, Ruslan & Taskin, Dilvin & Suleymanov, Elchin, 2023. "Oil rents and non-oil economic growth in CIS oil exporters. The role of financial development," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    6. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Xuan, Chengnan & Wang, Fuhao, 2024. "Natural resources and green economic growth: The role of artificial intelligence," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    7. Ben-Salha, Ousama & Dachraoui, Hajer & Sebri, Maamar, 2021. "Natural resource rents and economic growth in the top resource-abundant countries: A PMG estimation," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    8. Ongo Nkoa, Bruno Emmanuel & Tadadjeu, Sosson & Njangang, Henri, 2023. "Rich in the dark: Natural resources and energy poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    9. Zuo, Na & Zhong, Hua, "undated". "The Effect of Resource Wealth on Regional Economic Development in China," 2019 Annual Meeting, July 21-23, Atlanta, Georgia 291114, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    10. Pafadnam, Neerbewendé Abdoul Rachid, 2024. "How does implementing the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) affect economic growth? Evidence from developing countries," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    11. Guo, Yani & Zheng, Haixia & Zeng, Yun & Fan, Wei & Albahooth, Bayan & Bhuiyan, Rubaiyat Ahsan, 2023. "Natural resources extraction of RCEP trade bloc: Examining geopolitical risk and economic situation," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PB).
    12. Alssadek, Marwan & Benhin, James, 2023. "Natural resource curse: A literature survey and comparative assessment of regional groupings of oil-rich countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    13. Ampofo, Gideon Kwaku Minua & Cheng, Jinhua & Asante, Daniel Akwasi & Bosah, Philip, 2020. "Total natural resource rents, trade openness and economic growth in the top mineral-rich countries: New evidence from nonlinear and asymmetric analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    14. Gemicioğlu, Selçuk & Soyhan, Sinem & Mollavelioğlu, M. Şükrü, 2024. "Do natural resources lead to a curse or blessing in terms of income inequality?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    15. Mao, Fengfu & Hou, Yuqiao & Wang, Rong & Wang, Zongshun, 2023. "Can industrial intelligence break the carbon curse of natural resources in the context of Post-Covid-19 period? Fresh evidence from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PA).
    16. Alex O. Acheampong & Janet Dzator & Matthew Abunyewah & Michael Odei Erdiaw-Kwasie & Eric Evans Osei Opoku, 2023. "Sub-Saharan Africa’s Tragedy: Resource Curse, Democracy and Income Inequality," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 168(1), pages 471-509, August.
    17. Ozcan, Burcu & Temiz, Mehmet & Gültekin Tarla, Esma, 2023. "The resource curse phenomenon in the case of precious metals: A panel evidence from top 19 exporting countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    18. Pérez, Claudia & Claveria, Oscar, 2020. "Natural resources and human development: Evidence from mineral-dependent African countries using exploratory graphical analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    19. Wu, Linfei & Sun, Liwen & Qi, Peixiao & Ren, Xiangwei & Sun, Xiaoting, 2021. "Energy endowment, industrial structure upgrading, and CO2 emissions in China: Revisiting resource curse in the context of carbon emissions," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    20. Slesman, Ly, 2022. "The elusive curse of natural resources on happiness," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:ecanpo:v:83:y:2024:i:c:p:1097-1114. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/economic-analysis-and-policy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.