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Analysing the impact of a renewable hydrogen quota on the European electricity and natural gas markets

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  • Schlund, David
  • Schönfisch, Max

Abstract

We perform a model-based analysis of the impact of a renewable hydrogen quota on EU gas and electricity markets. By comparing a scenario in which a renewable hydrogen quota with tradable certificates is imposed on final gas consumption in the sectors of the economy outside the EU emissions trading system with a reference scenario without a quota, we assess price, quantity and welfare effects. Our model simulations show that the hydrogen quota leads to a significant expansion in renewable electricity generating capacity to produce renewable hydrogen and synthetic methane with power-to-gas technologies. On the electricity market, the price increases substantially, rising by up to 12% – mostly due to increasing emission allowance prices – leading to a higher surplus for power producers. The quota’s primary beneficiaries in the power sector are renewable energy producers. On the gas market, the quota leads to a small decrease in prices (by a maximum of -3%) and gas producer surpluses. Quota obliged gas consumers, mainly households, commercial and small industrial consumers, carry the largest part of the burden associated with the obligation. Overall, the quota leads to the redistribution of welfare from these consumers to renewable electricity generators and power-to-gas producers and a significant decline in total welfare.

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  • Schlund, David & Schönfisch, Max, 2021. "Analysing the impact of a renewable hydrogen quota on the European electricity and natural gas markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:304:y:2021:i:c:s030626192101028x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117666
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    Cited by:

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    3. Liu, Ying & Feng, Chao, 2023. "Promoting renewable energy through national energy legislation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    4. Farag, Markos & Zaki, Chahir, 2021. "On the Determinants of Trade in Natural Gas: A Political Economy Approach," EWI Working Papers 2021-8, Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI).
    5. Christoph Loschan & Daniel Schwabeneder & Matthias Maldet & Georg Lettner & Hans Auer, 2023. "Hydrogen as Short-Term Flexibility and Seasonal Storage in a Sector-Coupled Electricity Market," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-35, July.
    6. Roach, Martin & Meeus, Leonardo, 2023. "An energy system model to study the impact of combining carbon pricing with direct support for renewable gases," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    7. Schlund, David & Theile, Philipp, 2022. "Simultaneity of green energy and hydrogen production: Analysing the dispatch of a grid-connected electrolyser," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Hydrogen; Power-to-gas; Quota obligation; Renewable energy support; Renewables obligation; Renewable portfolio standard;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C61 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
    • Q41 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Demand and Supply; Prices
    • Q42 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Alternative Energy Sources
    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy

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