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Financing Low-Carbon Transitions through Carbon Pricing and Green Bonds

Author

Listed:
  • Dirk Heine
  • Willi Semmler
  • Mariana Mazzucato
  • João Paulo Braga
  • Michael Flaherty
  • Arkady Gevorkyan
  • Erin Hayde
  • Siavash Radpour

Abstract

To finance the transition to low-carbon economies required to mitigate climate change, countries are increasingly using a combination of carbon pricing and green bonds. This paper studies the reasoning behind such policy mixes and the economic interaction effects that result from these different policy instruments. We model these interactions using an intertemporal model, related to Sachs (2015), which proposes a burden sharing between current and future generations. The issuance of green bonds helps to enable immediate investment in climate change mitigation and adaptation, and the bonds would be repaid by future generations in such a way that those who benefit from reduced future environmental damage share in the burden of financing mitigation efforts undertaken today. We examine the effects of combining green bonds and carbon pricing in a three-phase model. We are using a numerical solution procedure which allows for finite-horizon solutions and phase changes. We show that green bonds perform better when they are combined with carbon pricing. Our proposed policy option appears to be politically more feasible than a green transition based only on carbon pricing and is more prudent for debt sustainability than a green transition that relies overly on green bonds. Zur Finanzierung des Klimaschutzes verwenden Länder zunehmend eine Kombination von CO2-Bepreisung und grünen Anleihen. Dieser Artikel analysiert die Gründe für einen solchen Politikmix sowie die Interaktionseffekte dieser Instrumente. Wir modellieren die Interaktionseffekte in einem intertemporalen Modell, das sich auf Sachs (2015) bezieht und eine Lastenverteilung zwischen gegenwärtigen und zukünftigen Generationen vorsieht. Die Ausgabe von grünen Anleihen trägt dazu bei, sofortige Investitionen in den Klimaschutz und die Anpassung an den Klimawandel zu ermöglichen, und die Anleihen würden von zukünftigen Generationen so zurückgezahlt, dass diejenigen, die von geringeren zukünftigen Umweltschäden profitieren, an der Last der Finanzierung der heute unternommenen Klimaschutzmaßnahmen beteiligt sind. Wir untersuchen die Auswirkungen der Kombination von grünen Anleihen und CO2-Steuern in einem Drei-Phasen-Modell. Wir verwenden ein numerisches Lösungsverfahren, das endliche Lösungen und Phasenwechsel ermöglicht. Wir zeigen, dass grüne Anleihen besser abschneiden, wenn sie mit der CO2-Besteuerung kombiniert werden. Unsere vorgeschlagene politische Option scheint politisch machbarer zu sein als ein grüner Übergang, der ausschließlich auf CO2-Steuern basiert und für die Nachhaltigkeit der Verschuldung vorsichtiger ist als eine Klimapolitik, der zu sehr auf grüne Anleihen setzt.

Suggested Citation

  • Dirk Heine & Willi Semmler & Mariana Mazzucato & João Paulo Braga & Michael Flaherty & Arkady Gevorkyan & Erin Hayde & Siavash Radpour, 2019. "Financing Low-Carbon Transitions through Carbon Pricing and Green Bonds," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 88(2), pages 29-49.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:88-2-3
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.88.2.29
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    1. Daron Acemoglu & Philippe Aghion & Leonardo Bursztyn & David Hemous, 2012. "The Environment and Directed Technical Change," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 102(1), pages 131-166, February.
    2. Olivier J Blanchard, 2019. "Public Debt: Fiscal and Welfare Costs in a Time of Low Interest Rates," Policy Briefs PB19-2, Peterson Institute for International Economics.
    3. Olivier Blanchard, 2019. "Public Debt and Low Interest Rates," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 109(4), pages 1197-1229, April.
    4. Malcolm Baker & Daniel Bergstresser & George Serafeim & Jeffrey Wurgler, 2018. "Financing the Response to Climate Change: The Pricing and Ownership of U.S. Green Bonds," NBER Working Papers 25194, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Maria Jua Bachelet & Leonardo Becchetti & Stefano Manfredonia, 2019. "The Green Bonds Premium Puzzle: The Role of Issuer Characteristics and Third-Party Verification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-22, February.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Carbon pricing; green bonds; intergenerational burden sharing; nonlinear model predictive control;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E2 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
    • H6 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt
    • O2 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy
    • Q5 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics

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