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Sustainable practices in the cocoa value chain: a systematic literature review

Author

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  • Mónica María Olarte Libreros

    (Fundación Capital)

  • Carlos Mario Muñoz Maya

    (Universidad de La Salle)

Abstract

Introduction: This article identifies sustainable practices in cocoa farming, in the new scenarios of voluntary certifications and the circular economy. Objective: The main objective is to analyse and synthesise the sustainable strategies and approaches implemented in the cocoa value chain. Methodology: The PRISMA protocol was applied, which was used to define the 45 documents from the Scopus and Web of Science databases that were part of the systematic literature review with a publication range between 2016 and 2024. Results: Agroforestry widely emerges as the main production strategy to minimise the overall environmental and socioeconomic impacts associated with cocoa production. Sustainable practices focus on production and governance aspects. Conclusions: In relation to sustainability standards, there is a transition from voluntary approaches to stricter regulations within the value chain that force cocoa producers to adopt sustainable investment decisions, which not only comply with environmental and labour standards, but also generate long-term benefits. Introducción: Este artículo identifica las prácticas sostenibles en el cultivo de cacao, en los nuevos escenarios de las certificaciones voluntarias y la economía circular. Objetivo: El objetivo principal es analizar y sintetizar las estrategias y enfoques sostenibles implementados en la cadena de valor del cacao. Metodología: Se aplicó la metodología PRISMA, que sirvió para definir los 45 documentos de la base de datos Scopus y Web of Science que hicieron parte de la revisión sistemática de literatura con un rango de publicación entre el 2016 y 2024. Resultados: La agroforestería de manera generalizada emerge como la principal estrategia productiva para minimizar los impactos ambientales y socioeconómicos globales asociados con la producción de cacao. Las prácticas sostenibles se concentran en aspectos productivos y de gobernanza. Conclusiones: En relación con los estándares de sostenibilidad, hay una transición de enfoques voluntarios a regulaciones más estrictas dentro de la cadena de valor que fuerzan a los productores de cacao a adoptar decisiones de inversión sostenibles, que no solo cumplan con los estándares ambientales y laborales, sino que también generen beneficios a largo plazo. Introdução: Este artigo identifica as práticas sustentáveis na cultura do cacau, nos novos cenários das certificações voluntárias e da economia circular. Objetivo: O principal objetivo é analisar e sintetizar as estratégias e abordagens sustentáveis implementadas na cadeia de valor do cacau. Metodologia: Foi aplicado o protocolo PRISMA, que foi utilizado para definir os 45 documentos das bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science que fizeram parte da revisão sistemática da literatura com intervalo de publicação entre 2016 e 2024. Resultados: A agrofloresta surge amplamente como a principal estratégia de produção para minimizar os impactos ambientais e socioeconómicos globais associados à produção de cacau. As práticas sustentáveis centram-se em aspetos de produção e governança. Conclusões: Em relação aos padrões de sustentabilidade, há uma transição de abordagens voluntárias para regulamentos mais rigorosos dentro da cadeia de valor que forçam os produtores de cacau a adotar decisões de investimento sustentáveis, que não só cumprem as normas ambientais e laborais, mas também geram benefícios a longo prazo.

Suggested Citation

  • Mónica María Olarte Libreros & Carlos Mario Muñoz Maya, 2025. "Sustainable practices in the cocoa value chain: a systematic literature review," Revista Tendencias, Universidad de Narino, vol. 26(01), pages 197-215, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000520:021336
    DOI: 10.22267/rtend.252601.270
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Armando Borda & Oswaldo Morales & Hildy Teegen & Gareth H. Rees & Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez, 2021. "Addressing Sustainable Rural Development with Shared Value: A Peruvian Model from the Cacao Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Oberlack, Christoph & Blare, Trent & Zambrino, Luca & Bruelisauer, Samuel & Solar, Jimena & Villar, Gesabel & Thomas, Evert & Ramírez, Marleni, 2023. "With and beyond sustainability certification: Exploring inclusive business and solidarity economy strategies in Peru and Switzerland," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    3. Faustina Obeng Adomaa & Sietze Vellema & Maja Slingerland & Richard Asare, 2022. "The adoption problem is a matter of fit: tracing the travel of pruning practices from research to farm in Ghana’s cocoa sector," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 39(3), pages 921-935, September.
    4. P. P. Braga, Daniel & Pokorny, Benno & Porro, Roberto & Vidal, Edson, 2023. "Good life in the Amazon? A critical reflection on the standard of living of cocoa and cattle-based smallholders in Pará, Brazil," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
    5. Charnley, Susan, 2023. "Livelihood investments as incentives for community forestry in Africa," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • Q01 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - General - - - Sustainable Development
    • Q13 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
    • Q18 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • Q57 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Ecological Economics

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