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War refugees from Ukraine in Poland – one year after the Russian aggression. Socioeconomic consequences and challenges

Author

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  • Maciej Duszczyk
  • Agata Górny
  • Paweł Kaczmarczyk
  • Andrzej Kubisiak

Abstract

Russia's aggression against Ukraine, which started on 24 February 2022, marked the beginning of the second stage of the war between the two countries. As a result, more than 8 million war refugees from Ukraine crossed the borders of Poland. At the end of December 2022, more than 1 million of them still remained in Poland. This paper analyses the situation of Ukrainian war refugees residing in Poland and the challenges involved. In particular, it focuses on the labour market, area on which the success of the integration process of foreigners into the host society largely depends. The authors refer to a set of available register data (border crossings, ID registration system, labour market participation and participation in the schooling system), as well as information obtained by large‐scale surveys targeting the Ukrainian population in Poland in wartime. On this basis, we formulate key conclusions and recommendations, both for the Polish authorities and for the EU institutions. La agresión de Rusia contra Ucrania, que comenzó el 24 de febrero de 2022, marcó el inicio de la segunda fase de la guerra entre ambos países. Como resultado, más de 8 millones de refugiados de guerra procedentes de Ucrania cruzaron las fronteras de Polonia. A finales de diciembre de 2022, más de 1 millón de ellos seguían en Polonia. Este artículo analiza la situación de los refugiados de guerra ucranianos que residen en Polonia y los retos que plantea. En particular, se centra en el mercado laboral, ámbito del que depende en gran medida el éxito del proceso de integración de los extranjeros en la sociedad de acogida. Los autores se remiten a un conjunto de datos de registro disponibles (cruces fronterizos, sistema de registro de identidad, participación en el mercado laboral y participación en el sistema escolar), así como a la información obtenida mediante encuestas a gran escala dirigidas a la población ucraniana en Polonia en tiempo de guerra. Sobre esta base, se formulan conclusiones y recomendaciones clave, tanto para las autoridades polacas como para las instituciones de la UE. 2022年2月24日に始まったロシアのウクライナ侵攻は、両国間の戦争の第二段階の始まりであった。その結果、ウクライナからの戦争難民が800万人以上、ポーランドとの国境を越えた。2022年12月の終わりには、まだ100万人以上がポーランド国内に留まっていた。本稿では、ポーランドに居住するウクライナ戦争難民の状況とそれに関する問題を分析する。特に、労働市場に焦点を当てるが、これは外国からの難民が、受け入れられる社会に溶け込ことに成功する際の大きな要因となるものである。著者らは、利用可能な一連の登記データ(国境検問所、ID登録制度、労働市場参加と学校教育制度への参加)と、戦時中に実施したポーランドに住むウクライナ人を対象とした大規模調査によって得られた情報を参照している。以上に基づいて、ポーランド当局とEU機関の双方に向けた、主要な結論と勧告を策定する。

Suggested Citation

  • Maciej Duszczyk & Agata Górny & Paweł Kaczmarczyk & Andrzej Kubisiak, 2023. "War refugees from Ukraine in Poland – one year after the Russian aggression. Socioeconomic consequences and challenges," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(1), pages 181-199, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:1:p:181-199
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12642
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