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Public sector efficiency in Brazil

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  • Francisco Germano Carvalho Lucio
  • Jhorland Ayala‐García

Abstract

This paper studies the public sector efficiency of Brazilian states. We follow a robust two‐step procedure to control for discretionary and non‐discretionary inputs in the production of publicly provided goods. The first step uses a robust nonparametric efficiency estimation method called Order‐m. We construct an index combining both expenditure and revenue efficiency indexes to obtain a general efficiency measure. The second step applies the regression models to control for non‐discretionary inputs that can affect the average production cost of goods and services. The results show Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais are the most efficient states, while Acre and Amapa are the least efficient. In addition, our findings indicate that variables such as unemployment, labor informality, and population density are significantly associated with efficiency. Our results provide valuable information to Brazilian subnational governments about their expenditure quality and tax effort, which will allow them to identify sectors where public efficiency can be improved. Este artículo estudia la eficiencia del sector público de los estados brasileños. Se siguió un procedimiento robusto de dos pasos para el control de los insumos discrecionales y no discrecionales en la producción de bienes proporcionados públicamente. El primer paso utiliza un método robusto de estimación de la eficiencia no paramétrica denominado ‘Order‐m’. Se construyó un índice que combina los índices de eficiencia de gastos e ingresos con el fin de obtener una medida general de la eficiencia. En el segundo paso se aplican modelos de regresión para controlar los insumos no discrecionales que pueden afectar al costo promedio de la producción de bienes y servicios. Los resultados muestran que Sao Paulo y Minas Gerais son los estados más eficientes, mientras que Acre y Amapá son los menos eficientes. Además, los hallazgos indican que ciertas variables como el desempleo, la informalidad laboral y la densidad de población están asociadas significativamente a la eficiencia. Los resultados proporcionan una información valiosa para los gobiernos subnacionales brasileños sobre la calidad de su gasto y su esfuerzo tributario, que les permitirá identificar los sectores en los que se puede mejorar la eficiencia pública. 本稿では、ブラジルの州の公共セクターの効率性を検討する。公的に提供される財の生産における裁量的及び非裁量的投入を制御するために、ロバストな2段階設計法に従う。最初の段階では、Order‐mというロバストなノンパラメトリック効率性推定法を使用する。支出と歳入の両方の効率性指標を組み合わせた指標を構築し、一般的な効率性の尺度を得た。第2段階では、財とサービスの平均生産コストに影響を与える可能性のある非裁量的投入を制御するために回帰モデルを適用した。結果から、サンパウロ州とミナスジェライス州が最も効率性が高い州であるのに対し、アクレ州とアマパー州は最も効率性が低いことが分かった。さらに、知見から、失業率、非正規雇用、および人口密度などの変数が効率性と有意に関連していることが指摘される。本結果は、ブラジルの地方政府に支出の質と税努力についての貴重な情報を提供し、地方政府がどの公共セクターの効率性を改善することができるか識別することを可能にすると考えられる。

Suggested Citation

  • Francisco Germano Carvalho Lucio & Jhorland Ayala‐García, 2022. "Public sector efficiency in Brazil," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(6), pages 308-321, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:308-321
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12464
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