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Does Aid Promote Donor Exports? Commercial Interest versus Instrumental Philanthropy

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  • Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso
  • Felicitas Nowak-Lehmann
  • M. D. Parra
  • Stephan Klasen

Abstract

type="main"> This paper investigates by means of advanced panel data techniques whether bilateral aid has been successful in promoting bilateral exports to recipient countries during the period 1988–2007 and to what extent changes in aid policies have influenced this relationship. The main novelty of this research is the distinction between tied and untied aid in a multi-donor gravity model of trade and the comparison between trade and aid policies in this setting. We find an average positive effect of bilateral aid on exports, which varies over time and across donors and which appears to depend on the extent to which donors tied aid to exports. The effect does appear to have decreased substantially over the period studied and it is even not statistically significant in the 2000s, which could suggest that the recommendations given by the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) concerning the untying of aid and aid allocation have been followed by the donors and led to declining impacts on their exports. Interestingly, these decreasing aid-elasticities are accompanied by increasing coefficients of the regional trade agreement variable, which is positive and statistically significant after 1994. Finally, we find that the strength of the relationship between exports and bilateral aid is correlated with the extent to which aid is tied and partially related to the sectoral allocation of aid.

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  • Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso & Felicitas Nowak-Lehmann & M. D. Parra & Stephan Klasen, 2014. "Does Aid Promote Donor Exports? Commercial Interest versus Instrumental Philanthropy," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 67(4), pages 559-587, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:kyklos:v:67:y:2014:i:4:p:559-587
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    1. Martínez-Zarzoso Inmaculada & Nowak-Lehmann Felicitas & Klasen Stephan & Johannsen Florian, 2016. "Does German Development Aid boost German Exports and German Employment? A Sectoral Level Analysis," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 236(1), pages 71-94, February.
    2. Hendrik W. Kruse & Inmaculada Martínez‐Zarzoso, 2021. "Transfers in the gravity equation," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(1), pages 410-442, February.
    3. Shuhei Nishitateno & Hayato Umetani, 2023. "Heterogeneous effects of Aid‐for‐Trade on donor exports: Why is Japan different?," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(3), pages 1117-1145, August.
    4. Emmanuelle Lavallée & Julie Lochard, 2022. "International trade and face-to-face diplomacy," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 158(4), pages 987-1010, November.
    5. Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso, 2019. "Effects of Foreign Aid on Income through International Trade," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 7(2), pages 29-52.
    6. Liu, Ailan & Tang, Bo, 2018. "US and China aid to Africa: Impact on the donor-recipient trade relations," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 46-65.
    7. Camélia TURCU & Yunzhi ZHANG, 2020. "How Does Development Aid Impact Trade Performance and Margins? Evidence from China," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 2847, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
    8. Angelika J. Budjan & Andreas Fuchs, 2021. "Democracy and Aid Donorship," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 13(4), pages 217-238, November.
    9. Sven Steinkamp & Frank Westermann, 2022. "Development aid and illicit capital flight: Evidence from Nepal," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(7), pages 2305-2336, July.
    10. Kruse, Hendrik W. & Martínez-Zarzoso, Inma, 2016. "Transfers in the gravity equation: The case of foreign aid," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 288, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
    11. Restrepo-Estrada, Maria Isabel & Tena Junguito, Antonio, 2016. "The roots of regional trade in the Americas 1870 to 1950," IFCS - Working Papers in Economic History.WH 23304, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto Figuerola.
    12. Carpa, Nur & Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada, 2022. "The impact of global value chain participation on income inequality," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 269-290.
    13. Savin, Ivan & Marson, Marta & Sutormina, Marina, 2020. "How different aid flows affect different trade flows: Evidence from Africa and its largest donors," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 119-136.

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