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Does German Development Aid Promote German Exports?

Author

Listed:
  • Martínez-Zarzoso Inmaculada

    (Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research at the University of Göttingen,Göttingen, Germany)

  • Klasen Stephan

    (Department of Economics and Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research at the University of Göttingen,Göttingen, Germany)

  • Nowak-Lehmann D. Felicitas

    (Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research and Center for European, Governance and Economic Development Research at the University of Göttingen,Göttingen, Germany)

  • Larch Mario

    (Ifo Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich,Munich, Germany)

Abstract

This paper uses a static and dynamic gravity model of trade to investigate the link between German development aid and exports from Germany to the recipient countries. The findings indicate that, in the long run, German aid is associated with an increase in exports of goods that is larger than the aid flow, with a point estimate of 140% of the aid given. In addition, the evolution of the estimated coefficients over time shows an effect that is consistently positive but that oscillates over time. Interestingly, after a decrease in the 1990s, the estimated coefficients of the effect of aid on trade show a steady increase in the period between 2001 and 2005. The paper distinguishes among recipient countries and finds that the return on aid measured by German exports is higher for aid to countries considered ‘strategic aid recipients’ by the German government.We also find some evidence that aid given by other EU members reduces German exports.

Suggested Citation

  • Martínez-Zarzoso Inmaculada & Klasen Stephan & Nowak-Lehmann D. Felicitas & Larch Mario, 2009. "Does German Development Aid Promote German Exports?," German Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 10(3), pages 317-338, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:germec:v:10:y:2009:i:3:p:317-338
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0475.2008.00458.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso, 2019. "Effects of Foreign Aid on Income through International Trade," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 7(2), pages 29-52.
    2. Shao, Xu & Yang, Qicheng & Liu, Zhao, 2025. "China's aid-giving modalities: Impacts on sustainable growth in China-Africa trade," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    3. Hendrik W. Kruse & Inmaculada Martínez‐Zarzoso, 2021. "Transfers in the gravity equation," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(1), pages 410-442, February.
    4. Rasoulinezhad, Ehsan & Sung, Jinsok & Talipova, Amina & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad, 2022. "Analyzing energy trade policy in Central Asia using the intercountry trade force approach," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 441-454.
    5. Bernard Hoekman & Anirudh Shingal, 2020. "Aid for trade and international transactions in goods and services," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(2), pages 320-340, May.
    6. Pradhan, Rudra P. & Arvin, Mak B. & Nair, Mahendhiran S. & Bennett, Sara E., 2023. "Does foreign aid affect innovation and institutional quality in middle-income countries?," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    7. Angelika J. Budjan & Andreas Fuchs, 2021. "Democracy and Aid Donorship," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 13(4), pages 217-238, November.
    8. Dreher, Axel & Fuchs, Andreas & Langlotz, Sarah, 2019. "The effects of foreign aid on refugee flows," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 127-147.
    9. Oxana Babecká Kucharčuková & Jan Babecký & Martin Raiser, 2012. "Gravity Approach for Modelling International Trade in South-Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States: The Role of Geography, Policy and Institutions," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 277-301, April.
    10. Kruse, Hendrik W. & Martínez-Zarzoso, Inma, 2016. "Transfers in the gravity equation: The case of foreign aid," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 288, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
    11. Léopold BIARDEAU & Anne BORING, 2017. "L’impact de l’aide au développement sur les flux commerciaux entre pays donateurs et pays récipiendaires," Working Paper 464d860e-562e-4ae7-98f5-1, Agence française de développement.
    12. Macias, Jose Brambila & Massa, Isabella & Salois, Matthew J., "undated". "The Impact of Financial Crises on Trade Flows: A Developing Country Perspective," 84th Annual Conference, March 29-31, 2010, Edinburgh, Scotland 91831, Agricultural Economics Society.
    13. Konstantin M. Wacker, 2011. "Do multinationals beat down developing countries' export prices? The impact of FDI on net barter terms of trade," Ibero America Institute for Econ. Research (IAI) Discussion Papers 211, Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research.
    14. Badi H. Baltagi & Peter Egger & Michael Pfaffermayr, 2014. "Panel Data Gravity Models of International Trade," CESifo Working Paper Series 4616, CESifo.
    15. Camelia Turcu & Yunzhi Zhang, 2019. "Does one good deserve another? Evidence from China’s trade and aid policy," Working Papers 2019.02, International Network for Economic Research - INFER.

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F35 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Aid

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