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Transfers in the gravity equation

Author

Listed:
  • Hendrik Kruse

    (LEO - Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [2021-2022] - UO - Université d'Orléans - UT - Université de Tours, University of Göttingen)

  • Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso

    (University of Göttingen, Universitat Jaume I = Jaume I University)

Abstract

This study integrates development aid into a theoretically founded structural gravity model that considers primary and secondary effects of aid as an income transfer and as a bilateral trade cost determinant. We identify the parameters of our model using a two‐stage approach that includes a state‐of‐the‐art Poisson pseudo‐maximum likelihood gravity estimation for a sample of 132 countries over the period 1995 to 2012. The main findings indicate that bilateral aid only increases bilateral trade for countries that do not have a common language, a past colonial relationship or an RTA. On average, 1 USD of additional foreign aid from all donors increases recipients’ net imports by around 0.36 USD. Our comparative statics indicate that donors experience a reduction in real consumption due to aid and recipients an increase. We also analyze the effect on third countries. The modelling framework also applies to the study of other transfers such as remittances. Les transferts dans l’équation de gravité. Cette étude contribue à la littérature sur le lien entre l’aide au développement et le commerce international en intégrant l’aide dans un modèle structurel de gravité avec des fondations théorétiques. Nous pouvons alors mener une analyse plus compète des gains à l’échange découlant de l’aide. On identie les paramètres de notre modèle de manière empirique en utilisant une approche en deux étapes comprenant une estimation de gravité avec la dernière version du pseudo maximum de vraisemblance de Poisson pour un échantillon de 132 pays et la période 1995 à 2012. Nos résultats principaux suggèrent que l’aide bilatérale augmente le commerce entre le donneur et le bénéficiaire seulement en absence de langue commune, de relation coloniale passée ou d’accords bilatéraux et régionaux. En outre, un dollar supplémentaire d’aide de tous les donneurs augmente les importations nettes de 0,36 dollar. Notre statique comparative suggère que, malgré les effets sur les coûts commerciaux, les don
(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

Suggested Citation

  • Hendrik Kruse & Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso, 2021. "Transfers in the gravity equation," Post-Print hal-03676623, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03676623
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12500
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    Cited by:

    1. Shuhei Nishitateno, 2024. "Does official development assistance benefit the donor economy? New evidence from Japanese overseas infrastructure projects," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 31(4), pages 1037-1065, August.
    2. Sun, Zesheng & Zhao, Jiahua & Chen, Hao, 2025. "How trade effect of foreign aid evolves: Evidence from the United States," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 710-727.
    3. Shuhei Nishitateno & Hayato Umetani, 2023. "Heterogeneous effects of Aid‐for‐Trade on donor exports: Why is Japan different?," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(3), pages 1117-1145, August.

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