IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/afrdev/v37y2025i4ne70041.html

Socio‐Residential Inequalities and Inequalities at Elementary School: Repetition in French‐Speaking African Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Kady Marie‐Danielle Body
  • Liliane Bonnal
  • Moussa Djama Kairreh

Abstract

Ce travail analyse, à partir de deux enquêtes PASEC (2014 et 2019), le redoublement à l’école primaire. Nous montrons que les enfants vivant en zone rurale ont, dans la majorité des pays, une probabilité plus élevée de redoubler avant le Grade 6. Les méthodes de décomposition utilisées attribuent cette disparité à des différences dans les infrastructures scolaires, l'engagement familial et le milieu socioéconomique. Le redoublement semble compromettre l'équité et l'inclusion dans l'éducation, particulièrement pour les élèves de milieux défavorisés. Based on two PASEC surveys (2014 and 2019), this study analyzes elementary school repetition. The results indicate that, in most African countries, children living in rural areas have a higher probability of repeating before Grade 6. The decomposition methods used attribute this disparity to differences in school infrastructure, family involvement and the socioeconomic environment in which the child lives. Repetition seems to compromise equity and inclusion in education, particularly for pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Suggested Citation

  • Kady Marie‐Danielle Body & Liliane Bonnal & Moussa Djama Kairreh, 2025. "Socio‐Residential Inequalities and Inequalities at Elementary School: Repetition in French‐Speaking African Countries," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 37(4), December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:afrdev:v:37:y:2025:i:4:n:e70041
    DOI: 10.1111/1467-8268.70041
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.70041
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/1467-8268.70041?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert Gary-Bobo & Jean-Marc Robin, 2014. "La question des redoublements. Analyse économique et problèmes statistiques," Revue économique, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 65(1), pages 5-45.
    2. Cotton, Jeremiah, 1988. "On the Decomposition of Wage Differentials," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 70(2), pages 236-243, May.
    3. Romuald Foueka, 2020. "Analyse du différentiel de performances scolaires dans les pays PASEC sur la base de la régression quantile contrefactuelle," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 32(4), pages 605-618, December.
    4. Mathias Kuépié & David Shapiro & Michel Tenikue, 2015. "Access to Schooling and Staying in School in Selected Sub-Saharan African Countries," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 27(4), pages 403-414, December.
    5. Adesoji Oladapo Farayibi & Oludele Folarin, 2021. "Does government education expenditure affect educational outcomes? New evidence from sub‐Saharan African countries," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 33(3), pages 546-559, September.
    6. David Neumark, 1988. "Employers' Discriminatory Behavior and the Estimation of Wage Discrimination," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 23(3), pages 279-295.
    7. Émile Tenezakis & Ahmed Tritah, 2020. "Électrification en Afrique subsaharienne : les effets sur la scolarisation des enfants et l’emploi des femmes," Revue française d'économie, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(1), pages 183-222.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Christie, Pamela & Shannon, Michael, 2001. "Educational attainment and the gender wage gap: evidence from the 1986 and 1991 Canadian censuses," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 165-180, April.
    2. Christofides, Louis N. & Pashardes, Panos, 2002. "Self/paid-employment, public/private sector selection, and wage differentials," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(6), pages 737-762, December.
    3. Adam Pilny, 2017. "Explaining Differentials in Subsidy Levels Among Hospital Ownership Types in Germany," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(5), pages 566-581, May.
    4. Ben Jann, 2008. "A Stata implementation of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition," ETH Zurich Sociology Working Papers 5, ETH Zurich, Chair of Sociology, revised 14 May 2008.
    5. Javed Ashraf & Tayyeb Shabbir, 2006. "Are there racial differences in faculty salaries?," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 30(3), pages 306-316, September.
    6. Eliane El Badaoui & Eleonora Matteazzi, 2014. "To be a Mother, or not to be? Career and Wage Ladder in Italy and the UK," Working Papers hal-04141331, HAL.
    7. Alison Preston, 1997. "Where Are We Now With Human Capital Theory in Australia?," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 73(220), pages 51-78, March.
    8. Chen, Yiu Por (Vincent) & Zhang, Yuan, 2018. "A decomposition method on employment and wage discrimination and its application in urban China (2002–2013)," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 1-12.
    9. Keita, Moussa, 2014. "Contribution des inobservables aux disparités de genre dans la scolarisation et le travail des enfants au Mali [Contribution of unobservables to gender disparities in schooling and child labor in Mali]," MPRA Paper 57532, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Garcia-Aracil, Adela & Winter, Carolyn, 2006. "Gender and ethnicity differentials in school attainment and labor market earnings in Ecuador," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 34(2), pages 289-307, February.
    11. Matuszewska-Janica Aleksandra, 2018. "Differences in Men’s and Women’s Wages in the Education Sector in the Baltic Sea Region States," Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, Sciendo, vol. 18(1), pages 157-168, June.
    12. Yun Liang & John Gibson, 2017. "Location or Hukou: What Most Limits Fertility of Urban Women in China?," Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 4(3), pages 527-540, September.
    13. Eric Solberg, 2004. "Occupational assignment, hiring discrimination, and the gender pay gap," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 32(1), pages 11-27, March.
    14. Sonja C. Kassenboehmer & Mathias G. Sinning, 2014. "Distributional Changes in the Gender Wage Gap," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 67(2), pages 335-361, April.
    15. Böheim, René & Himpele, Klemens & Mahringer, Helmut & Zulehner, Christine, 2013. "The distribution of the gender wage gap in Austria : evidence from matched employer-employee data and tax records," Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 46(1), pages 19-34.
    16. Rupi, Federico & Freo, Marzia & Poliziani, Cristian & Postorino, Maria Nadia & Schweizer, Joerg, 2023. "Analysis of gender-specific bicycle route choices using revealed preference surveys based on GPS traces," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 1-14.
    17. Zhang, Li & Sharpe, Rhonda Vonshay & Li, Shi & Darity, William A., 2016. "Wage differentials between urban and rural-urban migrant workers in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 222-233.
    18. Shiba Shankar Pattayat & Jajati Keshari Parida & Kirtti Ranjan Paltasingh, 2023. "Gender Wage Gap among Rural Non-farm Sector Employees in India: Evidence from Nationally Representative Survey," Review of Development and Change, , vol. 28(1), pages 22-44, June.
    19. Joseph G. Hirschberg & Daniel J. Slottje, 2004. "Bounding Estimates Of Wage Discrimination," Research in Labor Economics, in: Accounting for Worker Well-Being, pages 215-233, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
    20. Weichselbaumer, Doris & Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf, 2003. "Rhetoric in Economic Research: The Case of Gender Wage Differentials," Economics Series 144, Institute for Advanced Studies.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:afrdev:v:37:y:2025:i:4:n:e70041. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/afdbgci.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.