IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/aan/journl/v7y2025i1p120-133.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Factors That Influence Dividend Policy: Do Macroeconomic Factors Matter?

Author

Listed:
  • Emmanuel Kwame Doffour

    (Department of Accounting, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana)

  • Emmanuel Boye Asamoah

    (Department of Accounting, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana)

  • Isaac Kwadwo Anim

    (Department of Accounting, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana)

  • Eric Agyenim-Boateng

    (Directorate of Finance, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana)

Abstract

Purpose: This research examines the effects of macroeconomic variables (money supply, interest rates, inflation, and exchange rates) on the dividend policies of firms in the Ghana Stock Exchange. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed panel data from 23 Ghanaian firms from 2010 to 2022. To overcome endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity, a dynamic two-step difference Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) was used, employing Stata 15 for the analysis. Findings: The findings also show that money supply, interest rates and inflation have a positive and significant effect on the dividend payout ratio, while exchange rates have a significant inverse effect on the dividend payout ratio. Practical Implications: These results reveal that macroeconomic factors play a significant part in determining dividend policies in Ghanaian firms. The study has significant implications for corporate managers in the formulation of dividend policy, investors in evaluating the dividend prospects, and policymakers in the realisation of the effects of macroeconomic policies on corporate finance. Originality/Value: This research provides significant information on the relationship between macroeconomic variables and firms’ dividend decisions in Ghana. It builds on the existing literature by including a wider set of macroeconomic variables, unlike most previous Ghanaian studies that mainly focused on firm-specific factors. Paper Type: Research Paper.

Suggested Citation

  • Emmanuel Kwame Doffour & Emmanuel Boye Asamoah & Isaac Kwadwo Anim & Eric Agyenim-Boateng, 2025. "Factors That Influence Dividend Policy: Do Macroeconomic Factors Matter?," Finance, Accounting and Business Analysis, University of National and World Economy, Institute for Economics and Politics, vol. 7(1), pages 120-133, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:aan:journl:v:7:y:2025:i:1:p:120-133
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.unwe.bg/doi/FABA/2025.1/FABA.2025.1.10.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Godfred A. Bokpin & Zangina Isshaq & Francis Aboagye‐Otchere, 2011. "Ownership structure, corporate governance and corporate liquidity policy," Journal of Financial Economic Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 3(3), pages 262-279, August.
    2. Stephen A. Ross, 2013. "The Arbitrage Theory of Capital Asset Pricing," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Leonard C MacLean & William T Ziemba (ed.), HANDBOOK OF THE FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING Part I, chapter 1, pages 11-30, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    3. Godfred A. Bokpin, 2011. "Ownership structure, corporate governance and dividend performance on the Ghana Stock Exchange," Journal of Applied Accounting Research, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 12(1), pages 61-73, May.
    4. Godfred A. Bokpin & Zangina Isshaq & Francis Aboagye‐Otchere, 2011. "Ownership structure, corporate governance and corporate liquidity policy," Journal of Financial Economic Policy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 3(3), pages 262-279, August.
    5. Haruna Issahaku & Yazidu Ustarz & Paul Bata Domanban, 2013. "Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Market Returns in Ghana: Any Causal Link?," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 3(8), pages 1044-1062.
    6. Akyildirim, Erdinç & Güney, I. Ethem & Rochet, Jean-Charles & Soner, H. Mete, 2014. "Optimal dividend policy with random interest rates," Journal of Mathematical Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 93-101.
    7. Ahmed A. Elamer & Ismail Benyazid, 2018. "The impact of risk committee on financial performance of UK financial institutions," International Journal of Accounting and Finance, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 8(2), pages 161-180.
    8. M. J. Gordon, 1963. "Optimal Investment And Financing Policy," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 18(2), pages 264-272, May.
    9. Kolm, Petter N. & Tütüncü, Reha & Fabozzi, Frank J., 2014. "60 Years of portfolio optimization: Practical challenges and current trends," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 234(2), pages 356-371.
    10. Blanchard, Oliver & Cerutti, Eugenio & SUmmers, Lawrence, 2015. "Inflation and Activity - Two Explorations and Their Monetary Policy Implications," Working Paper Series 15-070, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government.
    11. Jensen, Michael C. & Meckling, William H., 1976. "Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 305-360, October.
    12. Blundell, Richard & Bond, Stephen, 1998. "Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 115-143, August.
    13. Frankfurter, George M. & Wood, Bob Jr., 2002. "Dividend policy theories and their empirical tests," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 111-138.
    14. Dhrymes, Phoebus J & Friend, Irwin & Gultekin, N Bulent, 1984. "A Critical Reexamination of the Empirical Evidence on the Arbitrage Pricing Theory," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 39(2), pages 323-346, June.
    15. repec:eme:mfppss:v:37:y:2011:i:1:p:34-46 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Roll, Richard & Ross, Stephen A, 1980. "An Empirical Investigation of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 35(5), pages 1073-1103, December.
    17. Godfred A. Bokpin, 2011. "Ownership structure, corporate governance and dividend performance on the Ghana Stock Exchange," Journal of Applied Accounting Research, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 12(1), pages 61-73, May.
    18. Shashidhara Kolavalli & Elizabeth Robinson & Guyslain Ngeleza & Felix Asante, 2012. "Economic Transformation in Ghana: Where Will the Path Lead?," Journal of African Development, African Finance and Economic Association (AFEA), vol. 14(2), pages 41-78.
    19. Nahed Zghidi & Imen Mohamed Sghaier & Zouheir Abida, 2016. "Does Economic Freedom Enhance the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in North African Countries? A Panel Data Analysis," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 28(1), pages 64-74, March.
    20. Haruna Issahaku & Yazidu Uztarz & Paul Bata Domanban, 2013. "Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Market Returns in Ghana: Any Causal Link?," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 3(8), pages 1044-1062, August.
    21. Mukherjee, Tarun K & Naka, Atsuyuki, 1995. "Dynamic Relations between Macroeconomic Variables and the Japanese Stock Market: An Application of a Vector Error Correction Model," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 18(2), pages 223-237, Summer.
    22. Myron J. Gordon & Eli Shapiro, 1956. "Capital Equipment Analysis: The Required Rate of Profit," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 3(1), pages 102-110, October.
    23. repec:eme:mfppss:v:41:y:2015:i:2:p:126-144 is not listed on IDEAS
    24. Pan, Ming-Shiun & Fok, Robert Chi-Wing & Liu, Y. Angela, 2007. "Dynamic linkages between exchange rates and stock prices: Evidence from East Asian markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 503-520.
    25. Ahmed Bossman & Samuel Kwaku Agyei & Oliver Asiamah & Ellen Animah Agyei & Emmanuel Yaw Arhin & Edward Marfo-Yiadom, 2022. "Dividend policy and performance of listed firms on Ghana stock exchange," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(1), pages 2127220-212, December.
    26. Chen, Nai-Fu & Roll, Richard & Ross, Stephen A, 1986. "Economic Forces and the Stock Market," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 59(3), pages 383-403, July.
    27. Tarun K. Mukherjee & Atsuyuki Naka, 1995. "Dynamic Relations Between Macroeconomic Variables And The Japanese Stock Market: An Application Of A Vector Error Correction Model," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 18(2), pages 223-237, June.
    28. repec:eme:jaar00:09675421111130612 is not listed on IDEAS
    29. Burmeister, Edwin & Wall, Kent D, 1986. "The Arbitrage Pricing Theo;ry and Macroeconomic Factor Measures," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 21(1), pages 1-20, February.
    30. Chong, Alain Yee-Loong & Ooi, Keng-Boon & Sohal, Amrik, 2009. "The relationship between supply chain factors and adoption of e-Collaboration tools: An empirical examination," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 122(1), pages 150-160, November.
    31. Seth Nana Kwame Appiah-Kubi & Karel Malec & Joseph Phiri & Mansoor Maitah & Zdeňka Gebeltová & Luboš Smutka & Vojtech Blazek & Kamil Maitah & Jitka Sirohi, 2021. "Impact of Tax Incentives on Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-12, August.
    32. Malcolm Baker & Jeffrey Wurgler, 2015. "Do Strict Capital Requirements Raise the Cost of Capital? Bank Regulation, Capital Structure, and the Low-Risk Anomaly," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 105(5), pages 315-320, May.
    33. repec:eme:mfppss:mf-09-2017-0331 is not listed on IDEAS
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Arshad Hasan & M. Tariq Javed, 2009. "An Empirical Investigation of the Causal Relationship among Monetary Variables and Equity Market Returns," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, vol. 14(1), pages 115-137, Jan-Jun.
    2. Ruqayya Aljifri, 2020. "The Macroeconomy, Oil and the Stock Market: A Multiple Equation Time Series Analysis of Saudi Arabia," Economics Discussion Papers em-dp2020-27, Department of Economics, University of Reading.
    3. Zura Kakushadze & Willie Yu, 2016. "Multifactor Risk Models and Heterotic CAPM," Papers 1602.04902, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2016.
    4. Zura Kakushadze, 2015. "Heterotic Risk Models," Papers 1508.04883, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2016.
    5. Gupta, Rakesh & Yuan, Tian & Roca, Eduardo, 2016. "Linkages between the ADR market and home country macroeconomic fundamentals: Evidence in the context of the BRICs," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 230-239.
    6. Zura Kakushadze & Willie Yu, 2016. "Statistical Risk Models," Papers 1602.08070, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2017.
    7. ALAM Nafis & TAN Ee Chain, 2012. "Impact Of Financial Crisis On Stock Returns: Evidence From Singapore," Studies in Business and Economics, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 7(2), pages 5-19, August.
    8. Erdinc Altay, 2003. "The Effect of Macroeconomic Factors on Asset Returns: A Comparative Analysis of the German and the Turkish Stock Markets in an APT Framework," Finance 0307006, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Andreas Humpe & Peter Macmillan, 2007. "Can macroeconomic variables explain long term stock market movements? A comparison of the US and Japan," CDMA Working Paper Series 200720, Centre for Dynamic Macroeconomic Analysis.
    10. Joseph Ato Forson & Jakkaphong Janrattanagul, 2014. "Selected Macroeconomic Variables and Stock Market Movements: Empirical evidence from Thailand," Contemporary Economics, Vizja University, vol. 8(2), June.
    11. Sagarika Mishra & Harminder Singh, 2012. "Do macro-economic variables explain stock-market returns? Evidence using a semi-parametric approach," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 13(2), pages 115-127, April.
    12. Cowan, Adrian M. & Joutz, Frederick L., 2006. "An unobserved component model of asset pricing across financial markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 86-107.
    13. Jon Poynter & James Winder & Tzu Tai, 2015. "An analysis of co-movements in industrial sector indices over the last 30 years," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 44(1), pages 69-88, January.
    14. Louis K. C. Chan & Jason Karceski & Josef Lakonishok, 1997. "The Risk and Return from Factors," NBER Working Papers 6098, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    15. S. Saiful Bahri & Lawrence Leger, 2001. "The stability of risk factors in the UK stock market," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(4), pages 411-422.
    16. Molefhi, Koketso, 2021. "The Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Capital Market Development in Botswana’s Economy," African Journal of Economic Review, African Journal of Economic Review, vol. 9(2), April.
    17. Sumit Kumar Maji & Arindam Laha & Debasish Sur, 2020. "Dynamic Nexuses between Macroeconomic Variables and Sectoral Stock Indices: Reflection from Indian Manufacturing Industry," Management and Labour Studies, XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources, vol. 45(3), pages 239-269, August.
    18. Trabelsi, Mohamed Ali, 2010. "Choix de portefeuille: comparaison des différentes stratégies [Portfolio selection: comparison of different strategies]," MPRA Paper 82946, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 01 Dec 2010.
    19. Cordelia Onyinyechi Omodero & Sunday Mlanga, 2019. "Evaluation of the Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Market Performance in Nigeria," Business and Management Studies, Redfame publishing, vol. 5(2), pages 34-44, June.
    20. Fredj Jawadi & Georges Prat, 2017. "Equity prices and fundamentals: a DDM–APT mixed approach," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 49(3), pages 661-695, October.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Dividend Policy; Macroeconomic Factors; Generalized Method of Moments.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G35 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Payout Policy
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:aan:journl:v:7:y:2025:i:1:p:120-133. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Yanko Hristozov (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ienwebg.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.