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Business cycles and start-ups across industries: An empirical analysis of German regions

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  • Konon, Alexander
  • Fritsch, Michael
  • Kritikos, Alexander S.

Abstract

We analyze whether start-up rates in different industries systematically change with business cycle variables. Using a unique data set at the industry level, we mostly find correlations that are consistent with counter-cyclical influences of the business cycle on entries in both innovative and non-innovative industries. Entries into the large-scale industries, including the innovative part of manufacturing, are only influenced by changes in the cyclical component of unemployment, while entries into small-scale industries, like knowledge intensive services, are mostly influenced by changes in the cyclical component of GDP. Thus, our analysis suggests that favorable conditions in terms of high GDP might not be germane for start-ups. Given that both innovative and non-innovative businesses react counter-cyclically in 'regular' recessions, business formation may have a stabilizing effect on the economy.

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  • Konon, Alexander & Fritsch, Michael & Kritikos, Alexander S., 2018. "Business cycles and start-ups across industries: An empirical analysis of German regions," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 33(6), pages 742-761.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:espost:249998
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    Cited by:

    1. Audretsch, David B. & Kritikos, Alexander S. & Schiersch, Alexander, 2020. "Microfirms and innovation in the service sector," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 55(4), pages 997-1018.
    2. Robert W. Fairlie & Frank M. Fossen, 2020. "Defining Opportunity versus Necessity Entrepreneurship: Two Components of Business Creation," Research in Labor Economics, in: Change at Home, in the Labor Market, and On the Job, volume 48, pages 253-289, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
    3. Alfonso Jesús Torres Marín, 2020. "Learning Lessons from the Economic Crisis in Self-employment," Contemporary Economics, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw., vol. 14(1), March.
    4. Sara Amoroso & Benedikt Herrmann & Alexander S. Kritikos, 2023. "The Role of Regulation and Regional Government Quality for High Growth Firms: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly," CEPA Discussion Papers 71, Center for Economic Policy Analysis.
    5. Sara Amoroso & Benedikt Herrmann & Alexander S. Kritikos, 2023. "The Role of Regulation and Regional Government Quality for High Growth Firms: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 2053, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
    6. Audretsch, David & Hafenstein, Marian & Kritikos, Alexander S. & Schiersch, Alexander, 2018. "Firm Size and Innovation in the Service Sector," IZA Discussion Papers 12035, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    7. Amoroso, Sara & Herrmann, Benedikt & Kritikos, Alexander S., 2023. "The Role of Regulation and Regional Government Quality for High Growth Firms: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly," IZA Discussion Papers 16563, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Małgorzata Wosiek, 2023. "Unemployment and Enterprise Births in European Countries: A Sectoral Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-17, January.
    9. Fossen, Frank M., 2019. "Entrepreneurship over the Business Cycle in the United States: A Decomposition," IZA Discussion Papers 12499, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    10. Michael Fritsch & Maria Greve & Michael Wyrwich, 2021. "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Entrepreneurship in Germany: First Observations and Interpretations," Jena Economics Research Papers 2021-007, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
    11. Malgorzata Wosiek, 2021. "Unemployment and new firm formation: evidence from Polish industries at the regional level," Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 16(4), pages 765-782, December.
    12. Katarzyna Haverkamp & Petrik Runst & Till Proeger, 2021. "Das Handwerk zwischen Corona-Krise und Rückvermeisterung [The Effects of COVID-19 Induced Lockdown Measures on Market Entry and Exits in the Skilled Crafts Sector]," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 101(3), pages 194-199, March.
    13. Adam P. Balcerzak & Michal Bernard Pietrzak (ed.), 2021. "Contemporary Issues in Economy. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Economics: Quantitative Methods," Books, Institute of Economic Research, edition 1, volume 11, number 28, June.
    14. Sotirakopoulos, Panagiotis & Mount, Matthew P. & Guven, Cahit & Ulker, Aydogan & Graham, Carol, 2023. "A tale of two life stages: The imprinting effect of macroeconomic contractions on later life entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 38(4).
    15. Sotirakopoulos, Panagiotis & Guven, Cahit & Ulker, Aydogan & Graham, Carol, 2021. "Macroeconomic Contractions during Impressionable Years and Entrepreneurship in Later Adulthood," GLO Discussion Paper Series 850, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    16. Frank M. Fossen, 2021. "Self-employment over the business cycle in the USA: a decomposition," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(4), pages 1837-1855, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    New business formation; Entrepreneurship; Business cycle; Manufacturing; Services; Innovative industries;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure
    • L26 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Entrepreneurship
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

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