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Overpaid CEOs and Underpaid Managers: Fairness and Executive Compensation

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Cited by:

  1. Brent D. Beal & Marina Astakhova, 2017. "Management and Income Inequality: A Review and Conceptual Framework," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 142(1), pages 1-23, April.
  2. Lee, Gilsoo & Cho, Sam Yul & Arthurs, Jonathan & Lee, Eun Kyung, 2019. "CEO pay inequity, CEO-TMT pay gap, and acquisition premiums," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 105-116.
  3. Wei Shi & Brian L. Connelly & Jeremy D. Mackey & Abhinav Gupta, 2019. "Placing their bets: The influence of strategic investment on CEO pay‐for‐performance," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(12), pages 2047-2077, December.
  4. Cao, Zhiling & Du, Xinbei & Zhao, Lili, 2025. "Institutional investors' information access and executive pay gaps: Evidence from corporate site visits in China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
  5. Danae Arroyos-Calvera & Nattavudh Powdthavee, 2022. "Reputation as insurance: how reputation moderates public backlash following a company's decision to profiteer," Papers 2204.03450, arXiv.org.
  6. Farhoud, Mohamed & Alma Williams, Trenton & Aires de Matos, Manuel & Scheidgen, Katharina & George, Kurian & Sufyan, Muhammad & Alakkad, Anas, 2024. "Sustaining spontaneous venturing in response to the global refugee crisis," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 22(C).
  7. Stijn Decoster & Jeroen Stouten & Thomas M. Tripp, 2021. "When Employees Retaliate Against Self-Serving Leaders: The Influence of the Ethical Climate," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 168(1), pages 195-213, January.
  8. Jennifer Yin & Steven Balsam & Afshad Irani, 2009. "Impact of Job Complexity and Performance on CFO Compensation," Working Papers 0097, College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio.
  9. Smirnova, Aleksandra S. & Zavertiaeva, Marina A., 2017. "Which came first, CEO compensation or firm performance? The causality dilemma in European companies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 658-673.
  10. Oh, Frederick Dongchuhl & Shin, Sean Seunghun, 2020. "Does product market competition affect corporate governance? Evidence from corporate takeovers," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 68-87.
  11. Sam Garg & Qiang (John) Li & Jason D. Shaw, 2018. "Undervaluation of directors in the board hierarchy: Impact on turnover of directors (and CEOs) in newly public firms," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(2), pages 429-457, February.
  12. David H. Zhu, 2014. "Group Polarization in Board Decisions About CEO Compensation," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 25(2), pages 552-571, April.
  13. Amon Chizema & Xiaohui Liu & Jiangyong Lu & Lan Gao, 2015. "Politically connected boards and top executive pay in Chinese listed firms," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(6), pages 890-906, June.
  14. , Aisdl, 2020. "The Serendipity Mindset," OSF Preprints w52y9, Center for Open Science.
  15. Emilie R. Feldman & Claudine Gartenberg & Julie Wulf, 2018. "Pay inequality and corporate divestitures," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(11), pages 2829-2858, November.
  16. Kopel, Michael & Petrakis, Emmanuel & Ressi, Anna, 2019. "Endogenous scope of firm-union bargaining with vertical pay comparisons," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 39-52.
  17. Dittmann, Ingolf & Montone, Maurizio & Zhu, Yuhao, 2023. "Wage gap and stock returns: Do investors dislike pay inequality?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
  18. Jeongil Seo & Daniel L. Gamache & Cynthia E. Devers & Mason A. Carpenter, 2015. "The role of CEO relative standing in acquisition behavior and CEO pay," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(12), pages 1877-1894, December.
  19. Kale, Jayant R. & Reis, Ebru & Venkateswaran, Anand, 2014. "Pay inequalities and managerial turnover," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 21-39.
  20. Lim, Elizabeth, 2018. "Social pay reference point, external environment, and risk taking: An integrated behavioral and social psychological view," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 68-78.
  21. Steven S. Crawford & Karen K. Nelson & Brian R. Rountree, 2021. "Mind the gap: CEO–employee pay ratios and shareholder say‐on‐pay votes," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(1-2), pages 308-337, January.
  22. Claudine Gartenberg & Julie Wulf, 2017. "Pay Harmony? Social Comparison and Performance Compensation in Multibusiness Firms," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 28(1), pages 39-55, February.
  23. Siqueira, Ana Cristina O. & Guenster, Nadja & Vanacker, Tom & Crucke, Saskia, 2018. "A longitudinal comparison of capital structure between young for-profit social and commercial enterprises," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 225-240.
  24. Hui Feng & Kimberly A. Whitler & Michael A. Wiles, 2025. "Chief marketing officer pay: The revenue growth consequences of employing internal and external benchmarks," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 53(1), pages 255-278, January.
  25. Iris Pfeiffer & Svenja Jarchow, 2024. "The determinants of compensation report transparency: manager incentives and firm characteristics," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 94(4), pages 659-691, May.
  26. Wojciech Przychodzen & Fernando Gómez-Bezares, 2021. "CEO–Employee Pay Gap, Productivity and Value Creation," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-17, April.
  27. Smulowitz, Stephen J. & Almandoz, Juan (“John”), 2021. "Reprint of “Predicting employee wrongdoing: The complementary effect of CEO option pay and the pay gap”," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 104-116.
  28. Joyce C. Wang & Lívia Markóczy & Sunny Li Sun & Mike W. Peng, 2019. "She’-E-O Compensation Gap: A Role Congruity View," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 159(3), pages 745-760, October.
  29. Guoli Chen, 2015. "Initial compensation of new CEOs hired in turnaround situations," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(12), pages 1895-1917, December.
  30. Eric M. Anicich & Nathanael J. Fast & Nir Halevy & Adam D. Galinsky, 2016. "When the Bases of Social Hierarchy Collide: Power Without Status Drives Interpersonal Conflict," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 27(1), pages 123-140, February.
  31. Phillip James & Il-woon Kim, 2018. "CEO Compensation in the U.S.: Are CEOs Underpaid or Overpaid ?," Accounting and Finance Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 7(3), pages 1-78, August.
  32. Burak Kağan Demirtaş, 2022. "Spillover effects of the minimum wage introduction based on horizontal fairness: A lab experiment," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(8), pages 3370-3385, December.
  33. Zalewska, Anna, 2014. "Gentlemen do not talk about money: Remuneration dispersion and firm performance relationship on British boards," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 40-57.
  34. Chung, Richard Yiu-Ming & DeVaro, Jed & Fung, Scott, 2024. "Do Big Inequalities in Executive Pay Hurt Firm Performance?," IZA Discussion Papers 17346, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  35. Sun, Sophia Li & Habib, Ahsan, 2020. "Determinants and consequences of tournament incentives: A survey of the literature in accounting and finance," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
  36. Jason W. Ridge & Federico Aime & Margaret A. White, 2015. "When much more of a difference makes a difference: Social comparison and tournaments in the CEO's top team," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(4), pages 618-636, April.
  37. Henrique M. Barros & Sergio G. Lazzarini, 2009. "Meritocracy and Innovation: Is There a Link? Empirical Evidence from Firms in Brazil," Business and Economics Working Papers 072, Unidade de Negocios e Economia, Insper.
  38. O'Reilly, Charles A. III & Doerr, Bernadette & Caldwell, David F. & Chatman, Jennifer A., 2013. "Narcissistic CEOs and Executive Compensation," Institute for Research on Labor and Employment, Working Paper Series qt6dt7p2pm, Institute of Industrial Relations, UC Berkeley.
  39. Wei Shi & Brian L. Connelly, 2018. "Is regulatory adoption ceremonial? Evidence from lead director appointments," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(8), pages 2386-2413, August.
  40. Lívia Markóczy & Sunny Li Sun & Jigao Zhu, 2021. "The Glass Pyramid: Informal Gender Status Hierarchy on Boards," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 168(4), pages 827-845, February.
  41. Huang, Jiexiang & Roberts, Helen & Tan, Eric K.M., 2024. "Media uncertainty and risk-taking," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  42. Steve Sauerwald & Zhiang (John) Lin & Mike W. Peng, 2016. "Board social capital and excess CEO returns," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(3), pages 498-520, March.
  43. Hadani, Michael & Dahan, Nicolas M. & Doh, Jonathan P., 2015. "The CEO as chief political officer: Managerial discretion and corporate political activity," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(11), pages 2330-2337.
  44. Kieun Lee & Jinyoung Olivia Choi & Sunghyup Sean Hyun, 2022. "A Study on Job Stress Factors Caused by Gender Ratio Imbalance in a Female-Dominated Workplace: Focusing on Male Airline Flight Attendants," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-16, August.
  45. Martijn Hendriks & Martijn Burger & Harry Commandeur, 2023. "The influence of CEO compensation on employee engagement," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 607-633, February.
  46. Tom Vanacker & Veroniek Collewaert & Ine Paeleman, 2013. "The Relationship between Slack Resources and the Performance of Entrepreneurial Firms: The Role of Venture Capital and Angel Investors," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(6), pages 1070-1096, September.
  47. Smulowitz, Stephen J. & Almandoz, Juan, 2021. "Predicting employee wrongdoing: The complementary effect of CEO option pay and the pay gap," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 123-135.
  48. Evans, J. Harry & Ma, Mark (Shuai) & Yang, Yucheng (John), 2024. "Seeking justice: Inequitable management compensation and employee whistleblowing," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
  49. Ying Zhang & Li Tong & Ji Li, 2020. "Minding the gap: Asymmetric effects of pay dispersion on stakeholder engagement in corporate environmental (Ir)responsibility," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(5), pages 2354-2367, September.
  50. D'Mello, Ranjan & Kwon, Sungjoung & Toscano, Francesca, 2024. "Corporate social responsibility and the executive-employee pay disparity," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
  51. Fong, Eric A. & Xing, Xuejing & Orman, Wafa Hakim & Mackenzie, William I., 2015. "Consequences of deviating from predicted CEO labor market compensation on long-term firm value," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 68(2), pages 299-305.
  52. André, Rui A., 2021. "The influence of corporate status symbols in (today's) leadership perception," Journal of Applied Leadership and Management, Hochschule Kempten - University of Applied Sciences, Professional School of Business & Technology, vol. 9, pages 1-15.
  53. David H. Weng & Haibin Yang, 2024. "Is Red or Blue More Likely to Narrow the Gap? The Effect of CEO Political Ideology on CEO‐Employee Pay Disparity," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(3), pages 1074-1109, May.
  54. Yadong Wen & Yan Chen & Jingshuang Cui, 2024. "Global Knowledge Flows: Impact of Pay Reference Points in a Knowledge-Driven Economy," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(4), pages 17901-17943, December.
  55. Chenli Yin & Dan Li & Maria Paz Salmador, 2022. "Institutional change of compensation policy and its impact on CEO turnover and firm performance," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 16(8), pages 2527-2552, November.
  56. Eric A. Fong, 2010. "Relative CEO Underpayment and CEO Behaviour Towards R&D Spending," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(6), pages 1095-1122, September.
  57. Sonia Yasin & Muhammad Irfan & Muhammad Shaukat Malik & Fasiha Nargis, 2022. "The Relationship between Executive Remuneration and Organizations Efficiency," Journal of Policy Research (JPR), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 8(3), pages 59-70, December.
  58. Pei-Fang Hsieh & Zih-Ying Lin, 2025. "The information content of options trading for the CEO employee pay ratio," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 64(1), pages 89-118, January.
  59. Monomita Nandy & Suman Lodh & Jin Wang & Jaskaran Kaur, 2021. "Does lobbying of firms complement executive networks in determining executive compensation?," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(3), pages 4137-4162, July.
  60. Ian Gregory-Smith & Brian G. M. Main, 2016. "Testing the Participation Constraint in the Executive Labour Market," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 63(4), pages 399-426, September.
  61. Loureiro, Gilberto & Makhija, Anil K. & Zhang, Dan, 2020. "One dollar CEOs," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 425-439.
  62. Pan, Hunghua & Liao, Yi-Ping & Yu, Chen-Chiao, 2024. "Monitoring by busy compensation committee members," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PA), pages 1557-1568.
  63. Rajiv D. Banker & Danlu Bu & Mihir N. Mehta, 2016. "Pay Gap and Performance in China," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 52(3), pages 501-531, September.
  64. Cynthia E. Devers & Gerry McNamara & Robert M. Wiseman & Mathias Arrfelt, 2008. "Moving Closer to the Action: Examining Compensation Design Effects on Firm Risk," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 19(4), pages 548-566, August.
  65. Ali Besharat & Kimberly A. Whitler & Saim Kashmiri, 2024. "When CEO Pay Becomes a Brand Problem," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 190(4), pages 941-973, April.
  66. Ali M. Shahzad & Matthew A. Rutherford & Mark P. Sharfman, 2016. "Stakeholder‐Centric Governance and Corporate Social Performance: A Cross‐National Study," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 23(2), pages 100-112, March.
  67. Md Reiazul Haque & Md Lutfur Rahman & Mohammed Abdullah Al Mamun, 2024. "Is One Head Better Than Two? Dual Leadership and Firm Performance During the COVID‐19 Crisis," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 60(2), pages 236-271, June.
  68. Francis, Bill & Hasan, Iftekhar & John, Kose & Sharma, Zenu, 2013. "Asymmetric benchmarking of pay in firms," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 39-53.
  69. , Aisdl, 2020. "Becoming Attuned," OSF Preprints j7f8y, Center for Open Science.
  70. Stacey Beaumont & Raluca Ratiu & David Reeb & Glenn Boyle & Philip Brown & Alexander Szimayer & Raymond Silva Rosa & David Hillier & Patrick McColgan & Athanasios Tsekeris & Bryan Howieson & Zoltan Ma, 2016. "Comments on Shan and Walter: ‘Towards a Set of Design Principles for Executive Compensation Contracts’," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 52(4), pages 685-771, December.
  71. Donald Lange & Steven Boivie & James D. Westphal, 2015. "Predicting organizational identification at the CEO level," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(8), pages 1224-1244, August.
  72. Paul C. Nystrom & Ehsan S. Soofi, 2012. "Rare, outlier and extreme: beyond the Gaussian model and measures," International Journal of Complexity in Leadership and Management, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 2(1/2), pages 6-38.
  73. Roya Taherifar & Mark J. Holmes & Gazi M. Hassan, 2021. "Is performance affected by the CEO-Employee pay gap? Evidence from Australia," Working Papers in Economics 21/14, University of Waikato.
  74. Agyei-Boapeah, Henry & Ntim, Collins G. & Fosu, Samuel, 2019. "Governance structures and the compensation of powerful corporate leaders in financial firms during M&As," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 37(C).
  75. Bao, May Xiaoyan & Cheng, Xiaoyan & Smith, David, 2020. "A path analysis investigation of the relationships between CEO pay ratios and firm performance mediated by employee satisfaction," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
  76. Fong, Eric A., 2010. "CEO pay fairness as a predictor of stakeholder management," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 63(4), pages 404-410, April.
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