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Improving Consumer Welfare and Manufacturer Profit via Government Subsidy Programs: Subsidizing Consumers or Manufacturers?

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Wu, Cheng-Han, 2021. "A dynamic perspective of government intervention in a competitive closed-loop supply chain," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 294(1), pages 122-137.
  2. Volodymyr Babich & Ruben Lobel & Şafak Yücel, 2020. "Promoting Solar Panel Investments: Feed-in-Tariff vs. Tax-Rebate Policies," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 22(6), pages 1148-1164, November.
  3. Kaifu Yuan & Guangqiang Wu, 2025. "Game-Theoretic Analysis of Pricing and Quality Decisions in Remanufacturing Supply Chain: Impacts of Government Subsidies and Emission Reduction Investments under Cap-and-Trade Regulation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-35, August.
  4. Zheng, Shiyuan & Jiang, Changmin & Fu, Xiaowen & Ge, Ying-En & Shu, Jia, 2022. "Subsidies for green technology adoption under uncertain demand and incomplete information," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
  5. Wendy Olsder & Tugce Martagan & Christopher S. Tang, 2023. "Improving Access to Rare Disease Treatments: Subsidy, Pricing, and Payment Schemes," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(9), pages 5256-5274, September.
  6. Sani Majumder & Izabela Nielsen & Susanta Maity & Subrata Saha, 2022. "Effect of Product Distribution Structures and Government Subsidy Measures on Product Quality and Consumption under Competition," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-24, March.
  7. Lihong Wei & Jiaping Xie & Weijun Zhu & Qinglin Li, 2023. "Pricing of platform service supply chain with dual credit: Can you have the cake and eat it?," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 321(1), pages 589-661, February.
  8. Zhou, Jiayu & Li, Yina & Ye, Fei & Zhao, Xiande & Tong, Yang & Guo, Hangfei, 2024. "Single rollover or dual rollover: How a monopoly NEV manufacturer responds to NEV credit policy," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
  9. Li, Ling & Guo, Qiuyu & Li, Yating & Wang, Congcong & Hou, Pengwen, 2025. "Information sharing in platform supply chains under manufacturer competition and cap-and-trade," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
  10. Zhao, Meng & Li, Bin & Ren, Jiali & Hao, Zhihua, 2023. "Competition equilibrium of ride-sourcing platforms and optimal government subsidies considering customers’ green preference under peak carbon dioxide emissions," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
  11. Liu, Jiaguo & Zhao, Aixiang & Kong, Yudan & Wang, Junjin, 2022. "Optimal subsidy policies of the Chinese cruise market under the impact of COVID-19," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 280-291.
  12. Zhu, Mengping & Liu, Zhixue & Li, Jianbin & Zhu, Stuart X., 2020. "Electric vehicle battery capacity allocation and recycling with downstream competition," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 283(1), pages 365-379.
  13. Wenli Wang & Ruizhen Zhang, 2022. "Green Supply Chain Operations Decision and Government Subsidy Strategies under R & D Failure Risk," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-19, November.
  14. Srivastava, Abhishek & Kumar, Rajeev Ranjan & Chakraborty, Abhishek & Mateen, Arqum & Narayanamurthy, Gopalakrishnan, 2022. "Design and selection of government policies for electric vehicles adoption: A global perspective," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
  15. Xie, Jiaping & Wei, Lihong & Zhu, Weijun & Zhang, Weisi, 2021. "Platform supply chain pricing and financing: Who benefits from e-commerce consumer credit?," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
  16. Gao, Jingzhe & Wei, Haixiao, 2025. "Impact of differentiated green incentive policies on traditional and certified green product markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
  17. Liang, Yuting & Zhang, Qingyu, 2025. "ESG equity or green credit: Financing strategies for green transformation in the supply chain under consumption subsidies," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
  18. Peiyang Su & Ying Peng & Qidan Hu & Ruwen Tan, 2020. "Incentive Mechanism and Subsidy Design for Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling under Information Asymmetry with Reciprocal Behaviors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-26, June.
  19. Xin Guo & Xiaojun Fan & Shanshan Wang, 2025. "Trade-in for cash or for new? Optimal pricing decisions under the government subsidy policy," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 349(2), pages 1249-1276, June.
  20. Brozynski, Max T. & Leibowicz, Benjamin D., 2022. "A multi-level optimization model of infrastructure-dependent technology adoption: Overcoming the chicken-and-egg problem," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 300(2), pages 755-770.
  21. Danyang Xu & Jiancai Wang & Wenhui Zhao & Xiang Zhang, 2025. "Pricing policies for green energy-saving product adoption and government subsidy," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 355(2), pages 2093-2123, December.
  22. Guo, Yan & Yu, Xinning & Zhou, Caifeng & Lyu, Gaoyan, 2021. "Government subsidies for preventing supply disruption when the supplier has an outside option under competition," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
  23. Zhou, Yanju & Che, Yuan, 2021. "Research on Government Logistics Subsidies for Poverty Alleviation with Non-uniform Distribution of Consumers," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 104(C).
  24. Xiaolong Guo & Lihong Cheng & Yugang Yu, 2022. "Government subsidy policy for green and efficient raw materials considering farmer heterogeneity," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(11), pages 4095-4112, November.
  25. Zhou, Qin & Meng, Chao & Yuen, Kum Fai & Sheu, Jiuh-Biing, 2021. "Remanufacturing authorization strategy for an original equipment manufacturer-contract manufacturer supply chain: Cooperation or competition?," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
  26. Ziqi Wang & Yang Bai, 2023. "Enhancing supply chain resilience through government subsidies and blockchain adoption: Ensuring sustainability and preventing disruptions," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(7), pages 3979-3996, October.
  27. Fang, Lei & Li, Yanlin & Govindan, Kannan, 2024. "Entry mode selection for a new entrant of the electric vehicle automaker," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 313(1), pages 270-280.
  28. Zhu, Shichao & Xia, Yusen & Yu, Lean & Li, Jian, 2025. "Leveraging blockchain technology to prevent deceptive disclosure of ESG compliance," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
  29. Huang, Shuai & Fan, Zhi-Ping & Wang, Ningning, 2020. "Green subsidy modes and pricing strategy in a capital-constrained supply chain," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
  30. Zhu, Zheng & Xu, Ailing & He, Qiao-Chu & Yang, Hai, 2021. "Competition between the transportation network company and the government with subsidies to public transit riders," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
  31. Lingling Shi & Suresh P. Sethi & Metin Çakanyıldırım, 2022. "Promoting electric vehicles: Reducing charging inconvenience and price via station and consumer subsidies," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(12), pages 4333-4350, December.
  32. Yaoguang Zhong & Ivan Ka Wai Lai & Fangfang Guo & Huajun Tang, 2021. "Research on Government Subsidy Strategies for the Development of Agricultural Products E-Commerce," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-27, November.
  33. Xu, Haonan & Liu, Jiaguo & Qi, Siwen, 2024. "Incentive policy for rail-water multimodal transport: Subsidizing price or constructing dry port?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 219-243.
  34. Liu, Hengyu & Zheng, Kai, 2024. "Analysis of the Chinese government's subsidy programs to restore the pork supply chain: The case of African swine fever," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
  35. Fang, Lei & Zhao, Sai, 2023. "On the green subsidies in a differentiated market," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
  36. Bian, Junsong & Zhang, Guoqing & Zhou, Guanghui, 2020. "Manufacturer vs. Consumer Subsidy with Green Technology Investment and Environmental Concern," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 287(3), pages 832-843.
  37. Hua Wang & Cuicui Wang, 2024. "Agricultural manufacturers’ carbon abatement oriented to government subsidy and sales efforts," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(2), pages 4335-4363, February.
  38. Erica L. Plambeck & Kamalini Ramdas, 2020. "Alleviating Poverty by Empowering Women Through Business Model Innovation: Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Insights and Opportunities," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 22(1), pages 123-134, January.
  39. Tingting Xiang & Hongzhi Lin, 2025. "Consumer-Centered Collaborative Governance of Regional Business Environment," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-17, July.
  40. Jasur Salikhov & Saidjahon Hayrutdinov & Timur K. Muminov, 2023. "Blockchain-Enabled Sustainable Supply Chain under Information Sharing and Recovery Quality Efforts," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-14, February.
  41. Xie, Hang & Huang, Shihao & Chiu, Chun-Hung, 2024. "Poverty alleviation schemes for high escaping poverty probability: Contract-only, compensation, and capacity-building," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
  42. Fan, Zhi-Ping & Cao, Yue & Huang, Chun-Yong & Li, Yongli, 2020. "Pricing strategies of domestic and imported electric vehicle manufacturers and the design of government subsidy and tariff policies," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
  43. Wang, Fan & Xu, Danni & Zhuo, Xiaopo & Zhang, Chao & Liu, Yaoqi, 2022. "Improving consumer welfare in vaccine market: Pricing, government subsidies and consumer awareness," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
  44. Xing Yin & Xiaolin Chen & Xiaolin Xu & Lianmin Zhang, 2020. "Tax or Subsidy? Optimal Carbon Emission Policy: A Supply Chain Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-13, February.
  45. Zhang, Xinxin & Zhang, Xiuyi & Huang, Junran, 2025. "Socially responsible e-commerce supply chains: Sales mode preference and store brand introduction," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
  46. Yu, Yi & Zha, Donglan & Zhou, Dequn & Wang, Qunwei, 2025. "Promoting the adoption of electric vehicles through private charging infrastructure: Should subsidies be for the builder or non-builder?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
  47. Fei Tang & Ying Dai & Zu‐Jun Ma, 2023. "Optimal joint trade‐in rebate strategies in a retailer‐led supply chain," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(1), pages 399-415, January.
  48. Zhang, Juan & Huang, Jian, 2021. "Vehicle product-line strategy under government subsidy programs for electric/hybrid vehicles," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
  49. Tianlong Luo & Qingyu Zhang, 2025. "Inclusive growth: peer-based poverty alleviation supply chain with tax exemption policy," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 25(4), pages 1-43, December.
  50. Qingyu Zhang & Tianlong Luo, 2022. "Implications of CSR Practices for a Development Supply Chain in Alleviating Farmers’ Poverty," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(20), pages 1-29, October.
  51. Atalay Atasu & Charles J. Corbett & Ximin (Natalie) Huang & L. Beril Toktay, 2020. "Sustainable Operations Management Through the Perspective of Manufacturing & Service Operations Management," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 22(1), pages 146-157, January.
  52. Ke Li & Gengxin Dai & Yanfei Xia & Zongyu Mu & Guitao Zhang & Yangyan Shi, 2022. "Green Technology Investment with Data-Driven Marketing and Government Subsidy in a Platform Supply Chain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-22, March.
  53. Wang, Jing & Lan, Yanfei & Xu, Shuxian & Zou, Hongyang & Du, Huibin, 2025. "Subsidy reduction policies in clean product promotion: Pre-announced or dynamic?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
  54. Song, Yang & Sahut, Jean-Michel & Zhang, Zhiyuan & Tian, Yifan & Hikkerova, Lubica, 2022. "The effects of government subsidies on the sustainable innovation of university-industry collaboration," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
  55. Yang, Rui & Tang, Wansheng & Zhang, Jianxiong, 2021. "Technology improvement strategy for green products under competition: The role of government subsidy," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 289(2), pages 553-568.
  56. Meng, Mingyou & Deng, Shiming & Zhou, Pin & Xu, He, 2023. "The effects of subsidy programs in byproduct synergy operations," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
  57. Suyuan Luo & Tsan‐Ming Choi, 2022. "E‐commerce supply chains with considerations of cyber‐security: Should governments play a role?," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(5), pages 2107-2126, May.
  58. Wei Wei & Priyank Arora & Senay Solak, 2024. "Allocation of Funds in Bilevel Subsidy Welfare Programs," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 26(4), pages 1435-1453, July.
  59. Wang, Jian & Shao, Xiaofeng & Liu, Guanmei & Yuan, Zhili, 2025. "Domestic substitution and supply chain performance: The impact of technology and price subsidies," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
  60. Luo, Luping & He, Wen & Hu, Hao, 2024. "Government subsidy policies for guarantee financing: Risk compensation vs. fee reduction," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 314(2), pages 747-759.
  61. Jiayi Joey Yu & Christopher S. Tang & ManMohan S. Sodhi & James Knuckles, 2020. "Optimal Subsidies for Development Supply Chains," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 22(6), pages 1131-1147, November.
  62. Hongzhen Song & Jiantong Zhang & Junchang Li, 2022. "The impacts of subsidy strategies and recycling modes on the closed‐loop supply chain," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(8), pages 4106-4123, December.
  63. Yanfang Zhang & Qianwen Tan & Yuchang Ji, 2023. "Input subsidy versus output subsidy for green R&D in a supply chain," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(1), pages 97-126, January.
  64. Xue Wang & Jiayuan Zhang & Deqing Ma & Hao Sun, 2023. "Green Agricultural Products Supply Chain Subsidy Scheme with Green Traceability and Data-Driven Marketing of the Platform," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-29, February.
  65. Jiaru Bai & Shu Hu & Luyi Gui & Kut C. So & Zu‐Jun Ma, 2021. "Optimal Subsidy Schemes and Budget Allocations for Government‐Subsidized Trade‐in Programs," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 30(8), pages 2689-2706, August.
  66. Cheng, Fei & Chen, Tong & Chen, Qiao, 2022. "Cost-reducing strategy or emission-reducing strategy? The choice of low-carbon decisions under price threshold subsidy," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
  67. Juan Zhang & Ziyue Wang & Huiju Zhao, 2020. "The Impact of Consumer Subsidy on Green Technology Innovations for Vehicles and Environmental Impact," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-24, October.
  68. Jixia Zheng & Rui Chen & Qinggen Zeng & Yanan Chen & Qianlin Ye, 2025. "Sustainable Development of Green Tourism Supply Chain Considering Blockchain Traceability and Government Subsidies," Annals of Data Science, Springer, vol. 12(4), pages 1315-1342, August.
  69. Tsan-Ming Choi & Tana Siqin, 2024. "Can government policies help to achieve the pollutant emissions information disclosure target in the Industry 4.0 era?," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 342(2), pages 1129-1147, November.
  70. Yan Li & Jing Huang & Lingchunzi Li, 2025. "The Impact of Government Subsidies and Carbon Taxes on Emission Reductions for Intermodal Transport Operator and Carrier," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(17), pages 1-23, August.
  71. Sun, Huan & Wang, Haiyan, 2024. "Data-driven incentive mechanism design for chronic disease prevention from the perspective of government," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 313(2), pages 652-668.
  72. Jin, Wei & Yang, Jun & Wang, Chengfu, 2024. "Cost subsidy or environmental regulation? The effects of government interventions on environmental quality and 3BL performance," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
  73. Chen, Pingping & Chen, Huiru & Zhao, Ruiqing, 2022. "Price promotions in vertically-related market: Instant discount vs. gift card," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
  74. Wang, Qifei & Hong, Xianpei & Gong, Yeming (Yale) & Chen, Wanying (Amanda), 2020. "Collusion or Not: The optimal choice of competing retailers in a closed-loop supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
  75. Fanshun Zhang & Hao Huang & Cejun Cao & Zhen Tan, 2025. "Blockchain adoption strategies for combating deficient personal protective equipment in major public health emergencies," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 348(3), pages 1745-1797, May.
  76. Peng Ma & Mingdu Li, 2023. "Operational and financing decisions of a contract manufacturer under remanufacturing authorization strategy," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(7), pages 4117-4135, October.
  77. Mohit Ray & Ajit Pratap Singh & Suresh Kumar Jakhar, 2025. "Sustainable farming practices adoption in agriculture supply chain: the role of indirect support versus cost subsidy," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 355(1), pages 1015-1040, December.
  78. Auyon Siddiq & Christopher S. Tang & Jingwei Zhang, 2022. "Partnerships in Urban Mobility: Incentive Mechanisms for Improving Public Transit Adoption," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 24(2), pages 956-971, March.
  79. Yoo, Seung Ho & Choi, Thomas Y. & Sheu, Jiuh-Biing, 2021. "Electric vehicles and product–service platforms: Now and in future," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
  80. Jónas Oddur Jónasson & Kamalini Ramdas & Alp Sungu, 2022. "Social impact operations at the global base of the pyramid," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 31(12), pages 4364-4378, December.
  81. Paola Martin & Diwakar Gupta & Karthik V. Natarajan, 2020. "Vaccine Procurement Contracts for Developing Countries," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 29(11), pages 2601-2620, November.
  82. Annelys Machado Schetinger & André Frossard Pereira de Lucena, 2025. "Evaluating Policy Frameworks and Their Role in the Sustainable Growth of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation," Resources, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-32, February.
  83. Qixiang Yuan & Lin Sun, 2025. "Promoting Green R&D to Allow Green Products to Outcompete Non-Green Products: Subsidize Consumers or Manufacturers?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-19, January.
  84. Cui, Jie & Pan, Jingming, 2025. "Optimizing gift card and pricing strategies in the presence of double mental discounting," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
  85. Qin Zhou & Kum Fai Yuen, 2020. "Analyzing the Effect of Government Subsidy on the Development of the Remanufacturing Industry," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-20, May.
  86. Chengzhang Li & Tingliang Huang & Yufei Huang, 2025. "Product Return Policies: The Impacts of Vertical Bargaining and Contracting with Retail Competition," Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, INFORMS, vol. 27(4), pages 1126-1145, July.
  87. Zongyu Mu & Qiujie Li & Gengxin Dai & Ke Li & Guangming Zhang & Fan Zhang, 2022. "Government Subsidy Policy and Online Selling Strategy in a Platform Supply Chain with Green R&D and DDM Activities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-23, August.
  88. Jinglve Wang & Hongping Yuan, 2023. "Deciphering the Innovation Subsidy Puzzle: Government Choices amid Supply Chain Encroachment," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-38, November.
  89. Chen, Rui & Meng, Qiang & Yu, Jiayi Joey, 2023. "Optimal government incentives to improve the new technology adoption: Subsidizing infrastructure investment or usage?," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
  90. Junjian Wu & Jennifer Shang, 2021. "Optimal Green Operation and Information Leakage Decisions under Government Subsidy and Supply Uncertainty," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-19, December.
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