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How to finance the transition to low-carbon energy in Europe?

Citations

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  1. Ren, Xiaohang & Li, Jingyao & Duan, Kun & Parhi, Mamata, 2025. "Cross-category spillovers of uncertainties in energy transition: Insights from a full-distributional framework," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
  2. Köppl-Turyna, Monika & Köppl, Stefan & Christopulos, Dimitris, 2023. "How to support cleantech start-ups? Lessons from European venture-capital deals," Research Papers 25, EcoAustria – Institute for Economic Research.
  3. Lygnerud, Kristina & Romanchenko, Dmytro & Unluturk, Burcu & Popovic, Tobias & Schultze, Sebastian, 2025. "Analysis of the impact of the EU Taxonomy on investments in District Heating," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
  4. Boccaletti, Simone & Gucciardi, Gianluca & Ruberti, Massimo, 2026. "Environmental sectoral classification and ESG signals: Evidence on the cost of debt from the EU Taxonomy," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  5. Hoffart, Franziska, 2022. "What is a feasible and 1.5°C-aligned hydrogen infrastructure for Germany? A multi-criteria economic study based on socio-technical energy scenarios," Ruhr Economic Papers 979, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
  6. Đukan, Mak & Steffen, Bjarne, 2025. "Cost of capital for renewables and enabling technologies: Measuring the multidimensional heterogeneity in Switzerland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 390(C).
  7. Serhat Yüksel & Serkan Eti & Hasan Dinçer & Hasan Meral & Muhammad Umar & Yaşar Gökalp, 2025. "A novel fuzzy decision-making approach to pension fund investments in renewable energy," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 11(1), pages 1-24, December.
  8. Wang, Zhen & Chu, Erming, 2024. "The path toward urban carbon neutrality: How does the low-carbon city pilot policy stimulate low-carbon technology?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 954-975.
  9. Polzin, Friedemann & Sanders, Mark & Serebriakova, Alexandra, 2021. "Finance in global transition scenarios: Mapping investments by technology into finance needs by source," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
  10. Chang, Lei & Moldir, Mukan & Zhang, Yuan & Nazar, Raima, 2023. "Asymmetric impact of green bonds on energy efficiency: Fresh evidence from quantile estimation," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
  11. Fan, Min & Zhou, Yun & Lu, Zhixi & Gao, Sen, 2024. "Fintech's impact on green productivity in China: Role of fossil fuel energy structure, environmental regulations, government expenditure, and R&D investment," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  12. van den Heuvel, Matthias & Popp, David, 2023. "The role of venture capital and governments in clean energy: lessons from the first cleantech bubble," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
  13. Carlos Herce & Enrico Biele & Chiara Martini & Marcello Salvio & Claudia Toro, 2021. "Impact of Energy Monitoring and Management Systems on the Implementation and Planning of Energy Performance Improved Actions: An Empirical Analysis Based on Energy Audits in Italy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-21, August.
  14. Xufeng Su & Xiaodong Yang & Jinning Zhang & Jinling Yan & Junfeng Zhao & Jianliang Shen & Qiying Ran, 2021. "Analysis of the Impacts of Economic Growth Targets and Marketization on Energy Efficiency: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, April.
  15. Papari, Cătălina-Alexandra & Polzin, Friedemann & Egli, Florian & Steffen, Bjarne & Schmidt, Tobias S., 2026. "How does the financial sector learn in socio-technical transitions?," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
  16. Lu, Ling & Liu, Peng & Yu, Jian & Shi, Xunpeng, 2023. "Digital inclusive finance and energy transition towards carbon neutrality: Evidence from Chinese firms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PB).
  17. Lee, Chi-Chuan & Song, Hepeng & An, Jiafu, 2024. "The impact of green finance on energy transition: Does climate risk matter?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
  18. Sufang Liu & Kingsley Ikechukwu Okere & Obumneke Bob Muoneke, 2025. "Energizing Small and Medium‐sized Enterprises for environmental sustainability in poor Europe: Do green finance and bureaucratic quality matter?," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 49(1), pages 116-137, February.
  19. Du, Juntao & Shen, Zhiyang & Song, Malin & Vardanyan, Michael, 2023. "The role of green financing in facilitating renewable energy transition in China: Perspectives from energy governance, environmental regulation, and market reforms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
  20. Zhou, Yuanxiang & Liu, Huayan & Chen, Chan & Ma, Yingqi, 2025. "The impact of digital inclusive finance on green economic efficiency: Pathways to inclusive sustainability," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
  21. Yu Kang, 2024. "Sustainable Development Through Energy Transition: The Role of Natural Resources and Gross Fixed Capital in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-26, December.
  22. Zhao, Qian & Qin, Chuan & Ding, Longfei & Cheng, Ying-Yue & Vătavu, Sorana, 2023. "Can green bond improve the investment efficiency of renewable energy?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(PB).
  23. Melliger, Marc & Chappin, Emile, 2022. "Phasing out support schemes for renewables in neighbouring countries: An agent-based model with investment preferences," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
  24. Łukasz Jarosław Kozar & Robert Matusiak & Marta Paduszyńska & Adam Sulich, 2022. "Green Jobs in the EU Renewable Energy Sector: Quantile Regression Approach," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-21, September.
  25. le Maitre, Julia & Ryan, Geraldine & Power, Bernadette & Sirr, Gordon, 2024. "Mechanisms to promote household investment in wind energy: A national experimental survey," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C).
  26. Bai, Mo & Wang, Weixuan & Li, Zhigang, 2024. "Private enterprises solution for fossil fuels transition: Role of ESG and carbon reporting," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
  27. Ding, Wangwang & Du, Juntao & Kazancoglu, Yigit & Mangla, Sachin Kumar & Song, Malin, 2023. "Financial development and the energy net-zero transformation potential," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
  28. Yuan, Beifei & Tao, Fengming & Guo, Zhaokun & Ren, Jiaqi & Zhu, Ziwei & Zhou, Chuhan, 2025. "Top-down versus bottom-up: How green finance drives sustainable development in cold chain logistics?," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C).
  29. Paola D'Orazio, 2022. "Mapping the emergence and diffusion of climate-related financial policies: Evidence from a cluster analysis on G20 countries," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 169, pages 135-147.
  30. Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad & Yoshino, Naoyuki & Rasoulinezhad, Ehsan & Rimaud, Cedric, 2021. "Power purchase agreements with incremental tariffs in local currency: An innovative green finance tool," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
  31. Solarin, Sakiru Adebola & Kazak, Hasan & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Akcan, Ahmet Tayfur & Selcuk, Hamide, 2025. "Convergence of environmental innovation in Europe with or without United Kingdom: Technological implications for the environment," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  32. Cao, Shanshan & Huang, Lin & Zhang, Qingping & hán, Zǐ, 2024. "Energy transition to green energy sources – Role of socioeconomic disparities and administrative policies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 312(C).
  33. Ma, Yanbai & Lu, Ling & Cui, Jingbo & Shi, Xunpeng, 2024. "Can green credit policy stimulate firms’ green investments?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 123-137.
  34. Ren, Yi-Shuai & Klein, Tony & Jiang, Yong, 2024. "Monetary policy uncertainty and green investment decisions: A cross-national spillover perspective," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
  35. Joelle Noailly; Roger Smeets, 2021. "Financing Energy Innovation: Internal Finance and the Direction of Technical Change," CIES Research Paper series 69-2021, Centre for International Environmental Studies, The Graduate Institute.
  36. Qu, Xinwei & Tian, Mingfu & Zhang, Linbo & Huang, Hongyun & Sun, Di & Song, Malin, 2025. "Energy structural change towards net-zero economy: What can we learn from carbon finance initiatives in China?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
  37. Karolina Daszyńska-Żygadło & Krzysztof Jajuga & Justyna Zabawa, 2021. "Bank as a Stakeholder in the Financing of Renewable Energy Sources. Recommendations and Policy Implications for Poland," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-22, October.
  38. Minli Yu & Fu-Sheng Tsai & Hui Jin & Hejie Zhang, 2022. "Digital finance and renewable energy consumption: evidence from China," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-19, December.
  39. Joëlle Noailly & Roger Smeets, 2022. "Financing Energy Innovation: Internal Finance and the Direction of Technical Change," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 83(1), pages 145-169, September.
  40. Zhenkai Yang & Mei-Chih Wang & Tsangyao Chang & Wing-Keung Wong & Fangjhy Li, 2022. "Which Factors Determine CO 2 Emissions in China? Trade Openness, Financial Development, Coal Consumption, Economic Growth or Urbanization: Quantile Granger Causality Test," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, March.
  41. Ha, Le Thanh, 2025. "The required link for actions on green macroprudential implementations to improve circularity performance in Europe: Fresh insights from PVAR," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
  42. Tachy, Marcelo Martins & Vasconcelos, Gláucia Fernandes & dos Santos Mendes, Layla, 2026. "A global assessment of banks’ capacity to support the energy transition: Evidence from developed and emerging markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
  43. Jekaterina Kuzmina & Dzintra Atstaja & Maris Purvins & Guram Baakashvili & Vakhtang Chkareuli, 2023. "In Search of Sustainability and Financial Returns: The Case of ESG Energy Funds," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-16, February.
  44. Peng, Wei & Xiong, Langyu, 2022. "Managing financing costs and fostering green transition: The role of green financial policy in China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 820-836.
  45. M. T. Costa-Campi & N. Duch-Brown & Jose Garcia-Quevedo, 2024. "Drivers of Cooperation in Innovation by Energy Firms in Spain," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 87(12), pages 3387-3414, December.
  46. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Farid, Saqib & Ferrer, Román & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain, 2021. "Comparative efficiency of green and conventional bonds pre- and during COVID-19: An asymmetric multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
  47. Gianluca Gucciardi, 2024. "Do venture capital investments contribute to the achievement of the sustainable development goals?," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(8), pages 8716-8746, December.
  48. Zhao, Ran & He, Pinglin, 2024. "Government spending efficiency, fiscal decentralization and regional innovation capability: Evidence from China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 693-706.
  49. Mattia Guerini & Giovanni Marin & Francesco Vona, 2025. "Can Easing Financial Constraints Reduce Carbon Emissions? Evidence from a Large Sample of French Companies," Working Papers hal-05514918, HAL.
  50. John Vourdoubas, 2021. "Possibilities for De-carbonizing the Heating and Cooling Sector in the Island of Crete, Greece," European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences, European Open Science, vol. 2(3), pages 49-56, May.
  51. Zhang, Dongyang & Lucey, Brian M., 2022. "Sustainable behaviors and firm performance: The role of financial constraints’ alleviation," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 220-233.
  52. Metawa, Noura & Dogan, Eyup & Taskin, Dilvin, 2022. "Analyzing the nexus of green economy, clean and financial technology," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 385-396.
  53. Till Fladung & Julia Hoffmann & Mathias Mier & Mustafa Ispa, 2025. "A Taxonomy of the Relevant Actors in the European Energy Transition," ifo Working Paper Series 417, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
  54. Bistuer-Talavera, Cristobal & Llobet-Dalmases, Joan & Plana-Erta, Dolors & Uribe, Jorge M., 2024. "Capital structure decisions in the energy transition: Insights from Spain," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  55. Mattia Guerini & Giovanni Marin & Francesco Vona, 2025. "Easing Financial Constraints Reduce Carbon Emissions? Evidence from a Large Sample of French Companies," Working Papers 2025.31, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
  56. Hsuling Chang & Nawazish Mirza & Adnan Safi & Muhammad Umar, 2026. "Entrepreneurial formation and policy stringency: analyzing impacts on low-carbon transition pathways," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 1-16, March.
  57. Marc Ringel & Saranda Mjekic, 2023. "Analyzing the Role of Banks in Providing Green Finance for Retail Customers: The Case of Germany," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-24, May.
  58. Chu, Lan Khanh, 2024. "Towards achieving energy transition goal: How do green financial policy, environmental tax, economic complexity, and globalization matter?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
  59. Yu, Chin-Hsien & Wu, Xiuqin & Zhang, Dayong & Chen, Shi & Zhao, Jinsong, 2021. "Demand for green finance: Resolving financing constraints on green innovation in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
  60. Lara Aleluia Reis & Zoi Vrontisi & Elena Verdolini & Kostas Fragkiadakis & Massimo Tavoni, 2023. "A research and development investment strategy to achieve the Paris climate agreement," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
  61. Rabindra Nepal & Yang Liu & Kangyin Dong & Tooraj Jamasb, 2024. "Green Financing, Energy Transformation, and the Moderating Effect of Digital Economy in Developing Countries," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 87(12), pages 3357-3386, December.
  62. D'Orazio, Paola & Hertel, Tobias & Kasbrink, Fynn, 2022. "No need to worry? Estimating the exposure of the German banking sector to climate-related transition risks," Ruhr Economic Papers 946, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
  63. Makpal Zholamanova & Nurbakhyt Nurmukhametov & Mikhail Tolmachev & Kassymkhan Sarsen & Altyn Amerkhanova, 2023. "Comparative Analysis of Strategies for Innovative Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex: The Experience of the EU Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(1), pages 128-134, January.
  64. Liu, Changyu & Wang, Jing & Ji, Qiang & Zhang, Dayong, 2024. "To be green or not to be: How governmental regulation shapes financial institutions' greenwashing behaviors in green finance," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
  65. Santos, Anabela M. & Coad, Alex, 2023. "Monitoring and evaluation of transformative innovation policy: Suggestions for Improvement," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
  66. Hui Deng & Chuang Li & Liping Wang, 2022. "The Impact of Corporate Innovation on Environmental Performance: The Moderating Effect of Financing Constraints and Government Subsidies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-18, September.
  67. Jip Leendertse & Frank Rijnsoever, 2025. "Greening pastures: Ecosystems for sustainable entrepreneurship," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 65(3), pages 1595-1616, October.
  68. Xuelian Li & Tinghui Lu & Jyh-Horng Lin, 2022. "Bank Interest Margin and Green Lending Policy under Sunflower Management," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-15, July.
  69. Lin, Boqiang & Li, Minyang, 2024. "Micro Mechanisms Driving China's Clean Energy Flourish: Business Expansion and Financing," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
  70. Tang, Can & Wang, Bing & Zheng, Wenping, 2025. "Can structural loan policy promote low-carbon transition of manufacturing enterprises? New evidence from China," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
  71. Alexander-Haw, Abigail & Breitschopf, Barbara, 2024. "How to design an auction: The impact of auction implementation elements on the financing costs of renewable electricity projects," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
  72. Chen, Zhonglu & Mirza, Nawazish & Huang, Lei & Umar, Muhammad, 2022. "Green Banking—Can Financial Institutions support green recovery?," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 389-395.
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