IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/r/bis/bisqtr/2003j.html

The technology of retail central bank digital currency

Citations

Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
as


Cited by:

  1. Marcos Cerón & Marcelo Paliza & Elmer Sánchez, 2026. "Assessing the factors that promote adoption and use of a CBDC wallet: evidence from Peru," IHEID Working Papers 09-2026, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies.
  2. Raphael Auer & Codruta Boar & Giulio Cornelli & Jon Frost & Henry Holden & Andreas Wehrli, 2021. "CBDCs beyond borders: results from a survey of central banks," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 116.
  3. Ferrari Minesso, Massimo & Mehl, Arnaud & Stracca, Livio, 2022. "Central bank digital currency in an open economy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 54-68.
  4. Cárdenas, Miguel & Madeira, Carlos & Morales-Resendiz, Raúl & Musa, Miguel & Sanclemente, Mario & Sanz-Bunster, Leon, 2024. "Tiered access in RTGS systems: A DLT-based approach," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 5(1).
  5. Douglas Arner & Raphael Auer & Jon Frost, 2020. "Stablecoins: risks, potential and regulation," Revista de Estabilidad Financiera, Banco de España, issue Otoño.
  6. Canh Phuc Nguyen & Nguyen Doan & Luis Chavez-Bedoya & Tam Hoang Nhat Dang & Hien Duy Phan, 2026. "Introducing a new index of central bank digital currency development," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 60(2), pages 3675-3709, April.
  7. Sally Chen & Tirupam Goel & Han Qiu & Ilhyock Shim, 2022. "CBDCs in emerging market economies," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 123.
  8. Raphael Auer & Stijn Claessens, 2020. "Cryptocurrency Market Reactions to Regulatory News," Globalization Institute Working Papers 381, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
  9. Aldar C-F. Chan, 2021. "UTXO in Digital Currencies: Account-based or Token-based? Or Both?," Papers 2109.09294, arXiv.org.
  10. Auer, Raphael & Frost, Jon & Cornelli, Giulio, 2020. "Rise of the central bank digital currencies: drivers, approaches and technologies," CEPR Discussion Papers 15363, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
  11. Osakwe, Christian Nedu & Ogunmokun, Oluwatobi A. & Elgammal, Islam & Kwarteng, Michael Adu, 2025. "Individuals' attitudes and their adoption intentions of central bank digital currency: Combining theories and analytics for deeper insights," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
  12. Volker Brühl, 2025. "How will the digital euro work? A preliminary analysis of design, structures, and challenges," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 35(1), pages 1-12, December.
  13. Ariah Klages-Mundt & Dominik Harz & Lewis Gudgeon & Jun-You Liu & Andreea Minca, 2020. "Stablecoins 2.0: Economic Foundations and Risk-based Models," Papers 2006.12388, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2020.
  14. Frédéric Tronnier & David Harborth & Patrick Biker, 2023. "Applying the extended attitude formation theory to central bank digital currencies," Electronic Markets, Springer;IIM University of St. Gallen, vol. 33(1), pages 1-21, December.
  15. Dirk Niepelt, 2020. "Monetary Policy with Reserves and CBDC: Optimality, Equivalence, and Politics," Working Papers 20.05, Swiss National Bank, Study Center Gerzensee.
  16. Jose De Gregorio, 2021. "Las Criptomonedas: Una Mirada Esceptica y los Desafios a la Industria Financiera y Banca Central," Working Papers wp521, University of Chile, Department of Economics.
  17. Isaiah Hull & Or Sattath, 2024. "The properties of contemporary money," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(4), pages 1132-1155, September.
  18. Bofinger, Peter & Haas, Thomas, 2020. "CBDC: Can central banks succeed in the marketplace for digital monies?," CEPR Discussion Papers 15489, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
  19. Chunyu Zhang & Wenge Zeng, 2024. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evaluating the Construction of a Digital Supervision Platform for Digital Trade Systems: a Multilateral Perspective," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(3), pages 12503-12534, September.
  20. Cong, Lin William & Mayer, Simon, 2025. "Strategic digitization in currency and payment competition," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
  21. Morales-Resendiz, Raúl & Ponce, Jorge & Picardo, Pablo & Velasco, Andrés & Chen, Bobby & Sanz, León & Guiborg, Gabriela & Segendorff, Björn & Vasquez, José Luis & Arroyo, John & Aguirre, Illich & Hayn, 2021. "Implementing a retail CBDC: Lessons learned and key insights," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 2(1).
  22. Auer, Raphael & Tercero-Lucas, David, 2022. "Distrust or speculation? The socioeconomic drivers of U.S. cryptocurrency investments," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
  23. Dominique Torre & Qing Xu, 2025. "Could migrant families encourage the adoption of CBDCs in developing countries?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 45(2), pages 842-853.
  24. Biagio Bossone & Michael Haines, 2023. "CBDC Next-Level: A New Architecture for Financial "Super-Stability"," Economics Working Paper Archive wp_1015, Levy Economics Institute.
  25. Dionysopoulos, Lambis & Marra, Miriam & Urquhart, Andrew, 2024. "Central bank digital currencies: A critical review," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  26. Raphael A. Auer, 2022. "Embedded Supervision: How to Build Regulation into Decentralised Finance," CESifo Working Paper Series 9771, CESifo.
  27. Svetlana Abramova & Rainer Böhme & Helmut Elsinger & Helmut Stix & Martin Summer, 2022. "What can CBDC designers learn from asking potential users? Results from a survey of Austrian residents (Svetlana Abramova, Rainer Böhme, Helmut Elsinger, Helmut Stix, Martin Summer)," Working Papers 241, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank).
  28. Ozili, Peterson K, 2023. "CBDC, Fintech and cryptocurrency for financial Inclusion and financial stability," MPRA Paper 115768, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  29. repec:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:i:11:p:492-504 is not listed on IDEAS
  30. Mario DeSean Booker & FaLessia Camille Booker, 2025. "Currency of Change: Encrypting the Future of Monetary Governance," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(7), pages 655-663, July.
  31. Peterson K. Ozili, 2023. "Central Bank Digital Currency Can Lead to the Collapse of Cryptocurrency," Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis, in: Digital Transformation, Strategic Resilience, Cyber Security and Risk Management, volume 111, pages 191-198, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  32. Raphael Auer & Cyril Monnet & Hyun Song Shin, 2021. "Permissioned Distributed Ledgers and the Governance of Money," Diskussionsschriften dp2101, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft.
  33. Albina Gaisina & Matthias Finger, 2025. "Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs): a countermeasure to Anti-Money Laundering (AML) challenges posed by cryptocurrencies?," Digital Finance, Springer, vol. 7(2), pages 201-254, June.
  34. David Chaum & Christian Grothoff & Thomas Moser, 2021. "How to issue a central bank digital currency," Working Papers 2021-03, Swiss National Bank.
  35. Hess, Simon, 2025. "What Difference Does Central Bank Digital Currency Make? Insights from an Agent-based Model," Thuenen-Series of Applied Economic Theory 171, University of Rostock, Institute of Economics.
  36. Ferry Syarifuddin & Toni Bakhtiar, 2022. "The Macroeconomic Effects of an Interest-Bearing CBDC: A DSGE Model," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-33, May.
  37. Ibrahim Musa Unal & Ahmet Faruk Aysan, 2022. "Fintech, Digitalization, and Blockchain in Islamic Finance: Retrospective Investigation," FinTech, MDPI, vol. 1(4), pages 1-11, November.
  38. Kilian Wenker, 2022. "Retail Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC), Disintermediation and Financial Privacy: The Case of the Bahamian Sand Dollar," FinTech, MDPI, vol. 1(4), pages 1-17, October.
  39. Auer, Raphael & Monnet, Cyril & Shin, Hyun Song, 2025. "Distributed ledgers and the governance of money," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
  40. Mohammad El Hajj & Imad Farran, 2024. "The Cryptocurrencies in Emerging Markets: Enhancing Financial Inclusion and Economic Empowerment," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-27, October.
  41. Hans Gersbach & Roger Wattenhofer, 2020. "A Minting Mold for the eFranc: A Policy Paper," CER-ETH Economics working paper series 20/342, CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research (CER-ETH) at ETH Zurich.
  42. Rabindra Jena, 2023. "Factors Impacting Senior Citizens’ Adoption of E-Banking Post COVID-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study from India," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-20, August.
  43. Dirk Niepelt, 2024. "Money and Banking with Reserves and CBDC," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(4), pages 2505-2552, August.
  44. Douglas Arner & Raphael Auer & Jon Frost, 2020. "Stablecoins: potential, risks and regulation," BIS Working Papers 905, Bank for International Settlements.
  45. Chen, Hongyi & Siklos, Pierre L., 2022. "Central bank digital currency: A review and some macro-financial implications," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
  46. Philipp Sandner & Jonas Groß & Philipp Schulden & Lena Grale, 2020. "Digitaler, programmierbarer Euro, Libra und CBDCs: Auswirkungen digitaler Zahlungsinitiativen auf europäische Banken," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 73(10), pages 47-52, October.
  47. Li, Fangmin & Yang, Tianle & Du, Min & Huang, Miao, 2023. "The development fit index of digital currency electronic payment between China and the one belt one road countries," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  48. Anneke Kosse & Ilaria Mattei, 2023. "Making headway - Results of the 2022 BIS survey on central bank digital currencies and crypto," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 136.
  49. NHM Hassan Imam Chowdhury & Faria Zahan Sarna & Abdullah Al Himel & SMM Jafor Imam Chowdhury, 2026. "Comprehensive Analysis of Mobile Banking Trends in Bangladesh: Data-Driven Insights on Growth, Seasonal Patterns, and the Impact of COVID-19," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 13(3), pages 377-391, March.
  50. Le, Anh H., 2025. "Central bank digital currency and cryptocurrency in emerging markets," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
  51. Le, Anh H., 2022. "Central bank digital currency and cryptocurrency in emerging markets," MPRA Paper 114734, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  52. Kim Peiter Jørgensen & Roman Beck, 2022. "Universal Wallets," Business & Information Systems Engineering: The International Journal of WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK, Springer;Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI), vol. 64(1), pages 115-125, February.
  53. Sarmiento, Adolfo, 2022. "Seven lessons from the e-Peso pilot plan: The possibility of a Central Bank Digital Currency," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 3(2).
  54. Katrin Tinn, 2026. "A Theory Model of Digital Currency with Asymmetric Privacy," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 72(5), pages 3699-3719, May.
  55. Tan, Brandon Joel, 2024. "Central bank digital currency and financial inclusion," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
  56. Sergio Luis Náñez Alonso & Miguel Ángel Echarte Fernández & David Sanz Bas & Jarosław Kaczmarek, 2020. "Reasons Fostering or Discouraging the Implementation of Central Bank-Backed Digital Currency: A Review," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-27, May.
  57. Dirk Niepelt, 2025. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Monetary Architecture," Diskussionsschriften dp2509, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft.
  58. Vikrant Singh & Mayank Yadav & Ashish Gupta, 2026. "CBDC in a privacy sensitive world: extending UTAUT with digital financial literacy and anonymity insight," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 31(1), pages 1-25, March.
  59. Bhensook Nuntapun & Rattanakul Thanaporn & Synsatayakul Witit & Tohwisessuk Pakaporn, 2025. "Public Use and Distribution of Retail CBDC: An Evidence from Thailand’s Retail CBDC Pilot Program," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 245(4-5), pages 367-399.
  60. Zhang, Ying & Gong, Bing & Zhou, Peng, 2024. "Centralized use of decentralized technology: Tokenization of currencies and assets," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 15-25.
  61. Gersbach, Hans & Böser, Florian, 2020. "Monetary Policy with a Central Bank Digital Currency: The Short and the Long Term," CEPR Discussion Papers 15322, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
  62. Paulo Rupino Cunha & Paulo Melo & Helder Sebastião, 2021. "From Bitcoin to Central Bank Digital Currencies: Making Sense of the Digital Money Revolution," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-19, June.
  63. Cong, Lin William & Mayer, Simon, "undated". "The Coming Battle of Digital Currencies," Applied Economics and Policy Working Paper Series 320020, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
  64. Hiroshi Fujiki, 2023. "Attributes needed for Japan’s central bank digital currency," The Japanese Economic Review, Springer, vol. 74(1), pages 117-175, January.
  65. Kuehnlenz, Sophia & Orsi, Bianca & Kaltenbrunner, Annina, 2023. "Central bank digital currencies and the international payment system: The demise of the US dollar?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  66. Simon Hess, 2026. "Regulating Central Bank Digital Currencies: Towards a Conceptual Framework," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 27(3), pages 1-19, September.
  67. Morten Linnemann Bech & Umar Faruqui & Takeshi Shirakami, 2020. "Payments without borders," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
  68. Soohyang Lee & Jinhee Park, 2022. "Environmental Implications of a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)," World Bank Publications - Reports 37702, The World Bank Group.
  69. Schilling, Linda & Fernández-Villaverde, Jesús & Uhlig, Harald, 2024. "Central bank digital currency: When price and bank stability collide," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
  70. Morten Linnemann Bech & Jenny Hancock, 2020. "Innovations in payments," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
  71. Hull, Isaiah & Sattath, Or, 2021. "Revisiting the Properties of Money," Working Paper Series 406, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden).
  72. Douglas Arner & Raphael Auer & Jon Frost, 2020. "Stablecoins: risks, potential and regulation," Financial Stability Review, Banco de España, issue Autumn.
  73. Larisa V. Sannikova, 2023. "Legal Framework for Central Bank Digital Currencies and the Digital Ruble," Finansovyj žhurnal — Financial Journal, Financial Research Institute, Moscow 125375, Russia, issue 5, pages 27-44, October.
  74. Jeremie Banet & Lucie Lebeau, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currency: Financial Inclusion vs. Disintermediation," Working Papers 2218, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
  75. Jabbar, Abdul & Geebren, Ahmed & Hussain, Zahid & Dani, Samir & Ul-Durar, Shajara, 2023. "Investigating individual privacy within CBDC: A privacy calculus perspective," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  76. Qifeng Tang & Yain-Whar Si, 2025. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: A Survey," Papers 2507.08880, arXiv.org.
  77. Temperini, Jacopo & D'Ippoliti, Carlo & Gobbi, Lucio, 2024. "Is the time ripe for helicopter money? Growth impact and financial stability risks of outright monetary transfers," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 24-36.
  78. Carapella, Francesca, 2025. "CBDC Settlement: Implications for Money Creation and Maturity Transformation," Journal of Financial Crises, Yale Program on Financial Stability (YPFS), vol. 7(3), pages 1-19, April.
  79. Medina Ayta Mohammed & Carmen De-Pablos-Heredero & José Luis Montes Botella, 2025. "Mapping the transformative realm of blockchain-enabled central bank digital currencies: a bibliometric analysis," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 15(1), pages 53-88, March.
  80. Matteo Aquilina & Giulio Cornelli & Jon Frost & Leonardo Gambacorta, 2025. "Cryptocurrencies and decentralised finance: functions and financial stability implications," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 156.
  81. Marc Sanchez-Roger & Esther Puyol-Antón, 2021. "Digital Bank Runs: A Deep Neural Network Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-18, February.
  82. Arauz, Andrés & Garratt, Rodney & Ramos F., Diego F., 2021. "Dinero Electrónico: The rise and fall of Ecuador's central bank digital currency," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 2(2).
  83. Marcelo A. T. Aragão, 2021. "A Few Things You Wanted to Know about the Economics of CBDCs, but were Afraid to Model: a survey of what we can learn from who has done," Working Papers Series 554, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.
  84. Agustín Carstens, 2020. "Shaping the future of payments," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
  85. Grym, Aleksi, 2020. "Lessons learned from the world's first CBDC," BoF Economics Review 8/2020, Bank of Finland.
  86. Huei-Wen Teng & Wolfgang Karl Härdle & Joerg Osterrieder & Daniel Traian Pele & Lennart John Baals & Vassilios Papavassiliou & Karolina Bolesta & Audrius Kabašinskas & Olivija Filipovska & Nikolaos S., 2026. "Digital assets: risks, regulations, mitigation," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 12(1), pages 1-48, December.
  87. Anneke Kosse & Ilaria Mattei, 2022. "Gaining momentum – Results of the 2021 BIS survey on central bank digital currencies," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 125.
  88. Viviana Alfonso C & Alexandre Tombini & Fabrizio Zampolli, 2020. "Retail payments in Latin America and the Caribbean: present and future," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, December.
  89. Jesse Leigh Maniff, 2020. "Motives Matter: Examining Potential Tension in Central Bank Digital Currency Designs," Payments System Research Briefing, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, pages 1-4, July.
  90. Cotugno, Matteo & Manta, Francesco & Perdichizzi, Salvatore & Stefanelli, Valeria, 2024. "Ready for a digital Euro? Insights from a research agenda," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(PA).
  91. Sebastian Edwards, 2021. "Macroprudential Policies and The Covid-19 Pandemic: Risks and Challenges For Emerging Markets," NBER Working Papers 29441, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  92. Tercero-Lucas, David, 2023. "Central bank digital currencies and financial stability in a modern monetary system," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
  93. Zahid, Haider & Audi, Marc & Ali, Amjad, 2026. "The Role of Cryptocurrency Regulations in Determining Financial Reporting Quality: An Empirical Analysis," MPRA Paper 129042, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  94. Adrián Armas & Lucero Ruiz & José Luis Vásquez, 2022. "Assessing CBDC potential for developing payment systems and promoting financial inclusion in Peru," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), CBDCs in emerging market economies, volume 123, pages 131-151, Bank for International Settlements.
  95. Central Bank of Argentina, 2022. "Central bank digital currencies in emerging market economies: a view from Latin America," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), CBDCs in emerging market economies, volume 123, pages 23-30, Bank for International Settlements.
  96. Kenichi Ueda & Chanthol Hay, 2024. "Design of a CBDC in a Highly Dollarized Emerging Market Economy: The Case of Cambodia," Asian Economic Policy Review, Japan Center for Economic Research, vol. 19(2), pages 272-290, July.
  97. Markus Merz, 2021. "Contemporaneous financial intermediation," Digital Finance, Springer, vol. 3(1), pages 25-44, March.
  98. Jay Cullen, 2022. "“Economically inefficient and legally untenable”: constitutional limitations on the introduction of central bank digital currencies in the EU," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(1), pages 31-41, March.
  99. Peterson K. Ozili, 2022. "Central bank digital currency research around the world: a review of literature," Journal of Money Laundering Control, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 26(2), pages 215-226, January.
  100. Cyril Monnet & Hyun Song Shin & Jon Frost & Leonardo Gambacorta & Raphael Auer & Tara Rice, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: Motives, Economic Implications, and the Research Frontier," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 14(1), pages 697-721, August.
  101. Alonso-Robisco, Andres & Carbó, José Manuel, 2023. "Analysis of CBDC narrative by central banks using large language models," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(PC).
  102. Raphael Auer & Giulio Cornelli & Jon Frost, 2023. "Rise of the Central Bank Digital Currencies," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 19(4), pages 185-214, October.
  103. Douglas Arner & Raphael Auer & Jon Frost, 2020. "Stablecoins: risks, potential and regulation," Revista de Estabilidad Financiera, Banco de España, issue Autumn.
  104. Li, Jiaqi, 2023. "Predicting the demand for central bank digital currency: A structural analysis with survey data," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 73-85.
IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.