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CBDCs beyond borders: results from a survey of central banks

Author

Listed:
  • Raphael Auer
  • Codruta Boar
  • Giulio Cornelli
  • Jon Frost
  • Henry Holden
  • Andreas Wehrli

Abstract

Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) could ease current frictions in cross-border payments – and particularly so if central banks factor an international dimension into CBDC design from the outset. Based on a survey of 50 central banks in the first quarter of 2021, this paper explores initial thinking on the cross-border use of CBDCs. While most central banks have yet to take a firm decision on issuing a CBDC, the survey responses show a tentative inclination towards allowing use of a future CBDC by tourists and other non-residents domestically. They have a cautious approach to allowing use of a CBDC beyond their own jurisdiction. Concerns about the economic and monetary implications of cross-border CBDC use and about private sector global stablecoins are taken seriously. At the wholesale level, 28% of surveyed central banks are considering options to make CBDCs interoperable by forming multi-CBDC arrangements. This involves arrangements that enhance compatibility, interlink or even integrate multiple CBDCs into a single payments system. Finally, almost 14% of respondents are considering an active role for the central bank in FX conversion.

Suggested Citation

  • Raphael Auer & Codruta Boar & Giulio Cornelli & Jon Frost & Henry Holden & Andreas Wehrli, 2021. "CBDCs beyond borders: results from a survey of central banks," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 116.
    • Handle: RePEc:bis:bisbps:116
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    2. Codruta Boar & Andreas Wehrli, 2021. "Ready, steady, go? - Results of the third BIS survey on central bank digital currency," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 114.
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    17. Raphael Auer & Cyril Monnet & Hyun Song Shin, 2021. "Permissioned Distributed Ledgers and the Governance of Money," Diskussionsschriften dp2101, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Salzer, Tim, 2024. "A short infrastructural history of currency digitalization in the People’s Republic of China, 2000s-2020s," SocArXiv 5yq4r, Center for Open Science.
    2. Andrej Sokol & Michael Kumhof & Marco Pinchetti & Phurichai Rungcharoenkitkul, 2023. "CBDC policies in open economies," BIS Working Papers 1086, Bank for International Settlements.
    3. Ferrari Minesso, Massimo & Mehl, Arnaud & Stracca, Livio, 2022. "Central bank digital currency in an open economy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 54-68.
    4. Anneke Kosse & Ilaria Mattei, 2022. "Gaining momentum – Results of the 2021 BIS survey on central bank digital currencies," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 125.
    5. Sally Chen & Tirupam Goel & Han Qiu & Ilhyock Shim, 2022. "CBDCs in emerging market economies," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 123.
    6. Bert Van Roosebeke & Ryan Defina, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: A Review of Operating Models and Design Issues," IADI Fintech Briefs 13, International Association of Deposit Insurers.
    7. Simone Auer & Nicola Branzoli & Giuseppe Ferrero & Antonio Ilari & Francesco Palazzo & Edoardo Rainone, 2024. "CBDC and the banking system," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 829, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    8. Riccardo De Bonis & Giuseppe Ferrero, 2022. "Technological progress and institutional adaptations: the case of the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 690, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    9. Ozili, Peterson K, 2023. "A Survey of Central Bank Digital Currency Adoption in African countries," MPRA Paper 118794, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Li, Zhenghui & Yang, Cunyi & Huang, Zhehao, 2022. "How does the fintech sector react to signals from central bank digital currencies?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
    11. Rehman, Mubeen Abdur & Irfan, Muhammad & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Lucey, Brian M. & Karim, Sitara, 2023. "Macro-financial implications of central bank digital currencies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    12. Shalva Mkhatrishvili & Wim Boonstra, 2022. "What we know on Central Bank Digital Currencies (so far)," NBG Working Papers 01/2022, National Bank of Georgia.
    13. Nadia Pocher & Andreas Veneris, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currencies," Springer Optimization and Its Applications, in: Duc A. Tran & My T. Thai & Bhaskar Krishnamachari (ed.), Handbook on Blockchain, pages 463-501, Springer.
    14. Le, Anh H., 2022. "Central bank digital currency and cryptocurrency in emerging markets," MPRA Paper 114734, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Solikin M. Juhro, 2023. "Future Central Banking In Emerging Market Economies," Working Papers WP/01/2023, Bank Indonesia.
    16. Manole Decebal BOGDAN, 2023. "The Law of the Digital Economy a Reality for Legal Relations in the Future - New International Investment Protection," International Investment Law Journal, Societatea de Stiinte Juridice si Administrative (Society of Juridical and Administrative Sciences), vol. 3(2), pages 146-155, July.
    17. Raphael Auer & Giulio Cornelli & Jon Frost, 2023. "Rise of the Central Bank Digital Currencies," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 19(4), pages 185-214, October.

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