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Ready, steady, go? - Results of the third BIS survey on central bank digital currency

Author

Listed:
  • Codruta Boar
  • Andreas Wehrli

Abstract

Most central banks are exploring central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), and their work continues apace amid the Covid-19 pandemic. This BIS paper updates earlier surveys that asked central banks how their plans in this area are developing. The latest responses show that as a whole, central banks are progressing from conceptual research to practical experimentation. In addition, the paper highlights that while most have no plans to issue CBDCs in the foreseeable future, central banks collectively representing a fifth of the world's population are likely to launch retail CBDCs in the next three years. The Covid19 pandemic has added new motivations to this journey.

Suggested Citation

  • Codruta Boar & Andreas Wehrli, 2021. "Ready, steady, go? - Results of the third BIS survey on central bank digital currency," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 114.
    • Handle: RePEc:bis:bisbps:114
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Raphael A. Auer & Giulio Cornelli & Jon Frost, 2020. "Rise of the Central Bank Digital Currencies: Drivers, Approaches and Technologies," CESifo Working Paper Series 8655, CESifo.
    2. Morten Linnemann Bech & Jenny Hancock & Tara Rice & Amber Wadsworth, 2020. "On the future of securities settlement," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
    3. Codruta Boar & Henry Holden & Amber Wadsworth, 2020. "Impending arrival - a sequel to the survey on central bank digital currency," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 107.
    4. Raphael Auer & Giulio Cornelli & Jon Frost, 2020. "Covid-19, cash, and the future of payments," BIS Bulletins 3, Bank for International Settlements.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Raphael Auer & Codruta Boar & Giulio Cornelli & Jon Frost & Henry Holden & Andreas Wehrli, 2021. "CBDCs beyond borders: results from a survey of central banks," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 116.
    2. Erik Feyen & Jon Frost & Harish Natarajan & Tara Rice, 2021. "What Does Digital Money Mean for Emerging Market and Developing Economies?," Springer Books, in: Raghavendra Rau & Robert Wardrop & Luigi Zingales (ed.), The Palgrave Handbook of Technological Finance, pages 217-241, Springer.
    3. Cyril Monnet & Hyun Song Shin & Jon Frost & Leonardo Gambacorta & Raphael Auer & Tara Rice, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: Motives, Economic Implications, and the Research Frontier," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 14(1), pages 697-721, August.
    4. Todd Keister & Daniel Sanches, 2023. "Should Central Banks Issue Digital Currency?," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 90(1), pages 404-431.
    5. Raphael Auer & Cyril Monnet & Hyun Song Shin, 2021. "Permissioned Distributed Ledgers and the Governance of Money," Diskussionsschriften dp2101, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft.
    6. Auer, Raphael & Shin, Hyun Song & Monnet, Cyril, 2021. "Distributed Ledgers and the Governance of Money," CEPR Discussion Papers 16752, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    7. Van Roosebeke, Bert & Defina, Ryan, 2021. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: The Motivation," MPRA Paper 111006, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    8. Philipp Sandner & Jonas Groß & Lena Grale, 2021. "Wie steht es um den digitalen Euro?," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 101(3), pages 155-155, March.
    9. Paulo Rupino Cunha & Paulo Melo & Helder Sebastião, 2021. "From Bitcoin to Central Bank Digital Currencies: Making Sense of the Digital Money Revolution," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-19, June.
    10. Matheus R. Grasselli & Alexander Lipton, 2021. "Cryptocurrencies and the Future of Money," Papers 2109.10177, arXiv.org.
    11. Assenmacher, Katrin & Berentsen, Aleksander & Brand, Claus & Lamersdorf, Nora, 2021. "A unified framework for CBDC design: remuneration, collateral haircuts and quantity constraints," Working Paper Series 2578, European Central Bank.
    12. Li, Jiaqi, 2023. "Predicting the demand for central bank digital currency: A structural analysis with survey data," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 73-85.
    13. Jonathan Chiu & Mohammad Davoodalhosseini, 2021. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Banking: Macroeconomic Benefits of a Cash-Like Design," Staff Working Papers 21-63, Bank of Canada.
    14. Alexandra Mitschke, 2021. "Central Bank Digital Currencies and Monetary Policy Effectiveness in the Euro Area," Working Papers Dissertations 74, Paderborn University, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics.
    15. Sebastian Edwards, 2021. "Macroprudential Policies and The Covid-19 Pandemic: Risks and Challenges For Emerging Markets," NBER Working Papers 29441, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    16. Andrei-Dragos Popescu, 2021. "Central Banks Digital Currency - Opportunities and Innovation," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, vol. 0(1), pages 813-822, August.
    17. Marion Laboure & Markus H.‐P. Müller & Gerit Heinz & Sagar Singh & Stefan Köhling, 2021. "Cryptocurrencies and CBDC: The Route Ahead," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 12(5), pages 663-676, November.
    18. Ozili, Peterson K, 2022. "Central bank digital currency research around the World: a review of literature," MPRA Paper 111389, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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