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Lessons learned from the world's first CBDC

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  • Grym, Aleksi

Abstract

Central banks worldwide are currently exploring so called Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC). The Avant smart card system created by the Bank of Finland in the 1990's can be considered the world's first CBDC and the only one so far that has gone into production. Avant cards were based on smart card technology similar to that used in debit and credit cards today. Even though the system was initiated, developed, and for the first few years operated by the central bank, it was eventually spun off and sold to commercial banks. Once debit cards became less expensive and were upgraded to use smart card technology, Avant became obsolete and was shut down. The story of Avant can give us valuable insight contributing to the ongoing discussion regarding CBDC.

Suggested Citation

  • Grym, Aleksi, 2020. "Lessons learned from the world's first CBDC," BoF Economics Review 8/2020, Bank of Finland.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:bofecr:82020
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Grym, Aleksi & Heikkinen, Päivi & Kauko, Karlo & Takala, Kari, 2017. "Central bank digital currency," BoF Economics Review 5/2017, Bank of Finland.
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    6. Jesus Fernandez-Villaverde & Daniel Sanches & Linda Schilling & Harald Uhlig, 2021. "Central Bank Digital Currency: Central Banking For All?," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 41, pages 225-242, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kevin Dowd, 2024. "So far, Central Bank Digital Currencies have failed," Economic Affairs, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(1), pages 71-94, February.
    2. Nic Spearman, 2022. "Policy lessons from global retail CBDC projects," Occasional Bulletin of Economic Notes 11040, South African Reserve Bank.

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