IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/115768.html

CBDC, Fintech and cryptocurrency for financial Inclusion and financial stability

Author

Listed:
  • Ozili, Peterson K

Abstract

This article presents a discussion of the role of central bank digital currency (CBDC), Fintech and cryptocurrency for financial inclusion and financial stability. We show that Fintech, CBDC and cryptocurrency can increase financial inclusion by providing an alternative channel through which unbanked adults can access formal financial services. CBDC and Fintech services have the potential to preserve financial stability while cryptocurrency presents financial stability risks that can be mitigated through effective regulation. The paper also identified some problems of CBDC, Fintech and cryptocurrency for financial inclusion and financial stability. The paper offered some insight about the future of financial inclusion and the future of financial stability. Although CBDC, Fintech or cryptocurrency can extend financial services to unbanked adults and offer cost-efficient advantages, there are risk considerations that need to be taken into account when using CBDC, Fintech and cryptocurrency to increase financial inclusion and to preserve financial stability.

Suggested Citation

  • Ozili, Peterson K, 2023. "CBDC, Fintech and cryptocurrency for financial Inclusion and financial stability," MPRA Paper 115768, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:115768
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/115768/1/MPRA_paper_115768.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Allen, Sarah & Capkun, Srdjan & Eyal, Ittay & Fanti, Giulia & Ford, Bryan & Grimmelmann, James & Juels, Ari & Kostiainen, Kari & Meiklejohn, Sarah & Miller, Andrew & Prasad, Eswar & Wüst, Karl & Zhang, 2020. "Design Choices for Central Bank Digital Currency: Policy and Technical Considerations," IZA Discussion Papers 13535, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Allen, Franklin & Gu, Xian & Jagtiani, Julapa, 2022. "Fintech, Cryptocurrencies, and CBDC: Financial Structural Transformation in China," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    3. Cheng, Maoyong & Qu, Yang, 2020. "Does bank FinTech reduce credit risk? Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    4. Bofinger, Peter & Haas, Thomas, 2020. "CBDC: A systemic perspective," W.E.P. - Würzburg Economic Papers 101, University of Würzburg, Department of Economics.
    5. Raphael Auer & Rainer Boehme, 2020. "The technology of retail central bank digital currency," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, March.
    6. Bian, Wenlong & Ji, Yang & Wang, Peng, 2021. "The crowding-out effect of central bank digital currencies: A simple and generalizable payment portfolio model," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    7. Charles W. Calomiris, 2009. "Financial Innovation, Regulation, and Reform," Cato Journal, Cato Journal, Cato Institute, vol. 29(1), pages 65-91, Winter.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Massimo Arnone & Alberto Costantiello & Carlo Drago & Angelo Leogrande, 2025. "Innovation and Bank Capital Adequacy: An Empirical Assessment across European Economies," Working Papers hal-05231617, HAL.
    2. Ozili, Peterson K, 2024. "Thinking Fast and Slow about Central Bank Digital Currencies," MPRA Paper 120774, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Umar, Muhammad, 2025. "Does CBDC launch increase tax collection? empirical evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jabbar, Abdul & Geebren, Ahmed & Hussain, Zahid & Dani, Samir & Ul-Durar, Shajara, 2023. "Investigating individual privacy within CBDC: A privacy calculus perspective," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    2. Wang, Yi-Ran & Ma, Chao-Qun & Ren, Yi-Shuai, 2022. "A model for CBDC audits based on blockchain technology: Learning from the DCEP," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    3. Hoang, Yen Hai & Ngo, Vu Minh & Bich Vu, Ngoc, 2023. "Central bank digital currency: A systematic literature review using text mining approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    4. Constanza Martínez-Ventura & Julián A. Parra-Polanía & Tatiana Mora-Arbeláez & Angélica Lizarazo-Cuéllar, 2023. "Expected Macroeconomic Effects of Issuing a Retail Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 53, pages 151-177.
    5. Rizwan, Muhammad Suhail & Ahmad, Ghufran & Qureshi, Anum, 2025. "Central bank digital currency and systemic risk," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    6. Liu, Xin & Wu, Jiaqi & Zhang, Chenghu, 2025. "Antecedents of consumers' acceptance of central bank digital currency: The role of technology perceptions, social influence and personal traits," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    7. Hull, Isaiah & Sattath, Or, 2021. "Revisiting the Properties of Money," Working Paper Series 406, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden).
    8. Borgonovo, Emanuele & Caselli, Stefano & Cillo, Alessandra & Masciandaro, Donato & Rabitti, Giovanni, 2021. "Money, privacy, anonymity: What do experiments tell us?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
    9. Zhang, Ying & Gong, Bing & Zhou, Peng, 2024. "Centralized use of decentralized technology: Tokenization of currencies and assets," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 15-25.
    10. Lü, Zheng & Ozcelebi, Oguzhan & Yoon, Seong-Min, 2025. "Impact of central bank digital currency uncertainty on international financial markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PA).
    11. Mario DeSean Booker & FaLessia Camille Booker, 2025. "Currency of Change: Encrypting the Future of Monetary Governance," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 9(7), pages 655-663, July.
    12. Bhaskar, Ratikant & Hunjra, Ahmed Imran & Bansal, Shashank & Pandey, Dharen Kumar, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: Agendas for future research," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    13. Alfar, Abdelrahman J.K. & Kumpamool, Chamaiporn & Nguyen, Dung T.K. & Ahmed, Rizwan, 2023. "The determinants of issuing central bank digital currencies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    14. David Chaum & Christian Grothoff & Thomas Moser, 2021. "How to Issue a Central Bank Digital Currency," Papers 2103.00254, arXiv.org.
    15. Fan, Min & Lu, Zhixi & Zhou, Yun & Wang, Jian, 2024. "Threshold and spillovers effects of fintech on China's energy dependence on fossil fuel," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    16. Medina Ayta Mohammed & Carmen De-Pablos-Heredero & José Luis Montes Botella, 2025. "Mapping the transformative realm of blockchain-enabled central bank digital currencies: a bibliometric analysis," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 15(1), pages 53-88, March.
    17. Qifeng Tang & Yain-Whar Si, 2025. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: A Survey," Papers 2507.08880, arXiv.org.
    18. Marc Sanchez-Roger & Esther Puyol-Antón, 2021. "Digital Bank Runs: A Deep Neural Network Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-18, February.
    19. Li, Jiaqi, 2023. "Predicting the demand for central bank digital currency: A structural analysis with survey data," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 73-85.
    20. Tang, Mengxuan & Hu, Yang & Hou, Yang (Greg) & Oxley, Les & Goodell, John W., 2025. "Fintech development and corporate financial policy: Evidence from corporate financing and investment," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • E40 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - General
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • E59 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Other
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:115768. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.