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Wandel der Erwerbsformen in Deutschland und Europa

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  • Schmid, Günther
  • Protsch, Paula

Abstract

Der vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert mit Hilfe einer neuen Herangehens- und Darstellungsweise den Wandel der Erwerbsverhältnisse in Deutschland seit 1985 und vergleicht diese mit der Entwicklung in 23 Mitgliedstaaten der EU im Zehnjahresabschnitt von 1998 bis 2008. Er konzentriert sich auf die so genannten atypischen Beschäftigungsverhältnisse auf der Grundlage des deutschen Mikrozensus und der Europäischen Arbeitskräfteerhebung. Neben einer detaillierten statistischen Beschreibung nach Geschlecht, Qualifikation und Sektoren werden auch theoretische Einschätzungen zur Erklärung des Wandels geprüft. Schließlich werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse noch einmal herausgehoben und als zukünftige Herausforderungen für die Arbeitsmarktund Sozialpolitik diskutiert. Das zentrale Ergebnis ist weder die Klage über das zerfallende "Normalarbeitsverhältnis" noch über das tendenzielle "Prekarität" atypischer Beschäftigungsformen; vielmehr nimmt infolge steigender Erwerbstätigkeit und wirtschaftlichen Wohlstands die Vielfalt der Beschäftigungsverhältnisse zu. Parallel dazu steigen allerdings auch die sozialen Risiken im Lebenslauf, vor allem das Risiko stark schwankender Einkommen durch mehrfache oder lange Perioden der Arbeitslosigkeit, wechselnde Arbeitszeiten, Veralten der Qualifikation oder gesundheitliche Leistungseinschränkungen. Sollen neue soziale Ungleichheiten abgebaut oder vermieden werden, müssen sich künftige Arbeitsmarktreformen auf diese Entwicklung einstellen, sei es durch Schaffung neuer sozialer Sicherheiten oder durch arbeits- und sozialrechtliche Flexibilisierung des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses. Der Beitrag endet mit Anregungen zu solchen Reformen.

Suggested Citation

  • Schmid, Günther & Protsch, Paula, 2009. "Wandel der Erwerbsformen in Deutschland und Europa," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2009-505, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbslm:spi2009505
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Delmar, Frédéric & Folta, Timothy & Wennberg, Karl, 2008. "The dynamics of combining self-employment and employment," Working Paper Series 2008:23, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
    2. Vanessa Gash, 2008. "Preference or constraint? Part-time workers' transitions in Denmark, France and the United Kingdom," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 22(4), pages 655-674, December.
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    1. Stuth, Stefan & Schels, Brigitte & Promberger, Markus & Jahn, Kerstin & Allmendinger, Jutta, 2018. "Prekarität in Deutschland?!," Discussion Papers, Presidential Department P 2018-004, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    2. Berndt Keller & Hartmut Seifert, 2013. "Atypical employment in Germany. Forms, development, patterns1," Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, , vol. 19(4), pages 457-474, November.
    3. Bernard Michael Gilroy & Julia Günthner, 2017. "The German Precariat and the Role of Fundamental Security - Is the Unconditional Basic Income a Possible Solution for the Growing Precarity in Germany?," Working Papers CIE 109, Paderborn University, CIE Center for International Economics.
    4. Blanck, Jonna M. & Edelstein, Benjamin & Powell, Justin J.W., 2013. "Von der schulischen Segregation zur inklusiven Bildung? Die Wirkung der UN-Konvention über die Rechte von Menschen mit Behinderungen auf Bildungsreformen in Bayern und Schleswig-Holstein," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2013-504, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    5. Wotschack, Philip, 2010. "Working-time options over the life course: New challenges to German companies in times of crisis," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2010-502, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    6. Solga, Heike & Brzinsky-Fay, Christian & Graf, Lukas & Gresch, Cornelia & Protsch, Paula, 2013. "Vergleiche innerhalb von Gruppen und institutionelle Gelingensbedingungen: Vielversprechende Perspektiven für die Ungleichheitsforschung," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2013-501, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    7. Wotschack, Philip & Scheier, Franziska & Schulte-Braucks, Philipp & Solga, Heike, 2011. "Mehr Zeit für Weiterbildung: Neue Wege der betrieblichen Arbeitszeitgestaltung," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2011-501, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    8. Solga, Heike & Kretschmann, Claudia, 2010. "Follow-up-Studie zur Evaluation des Projekts "Abschlussquote erhöhen - Berufsfähigkeit steigern"," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2010-503, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    9. Schulze Buschoff, Karin, 2016. "Atypische Beschäftigung in Europa - Herausforderungen für die Alterssicherung und die gewerkschaftliche Interessenvertretung," WSI Studies 01, The Institute of Economic and Social Research (WSI), Hans Böckler Foundation.
    10. Solga, Heike, 2009. "Der Blick nach vorn: Herausforderungen an das deutsche Ausbildungssystem. Thesenpapier zum Symposium des WZB am 19.11.2009," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2009-507, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    11. Schulte-Braucks, Philipp, 2013. "Von Schweden lernen: Weiterbildung gering Qualifizierter im Rahmen der kommunalen Erwachsenenbildung (Komvux)," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2013-502, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    12. Wotschack, Philip & Solga, Heike, 2013. "Voraussetzungen einer guten betrieblichen Weiterbildungspraxis: Ergebnisse aus zehn Fallstudien in 'Best-Practice'-Betrieben," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2013-503, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.

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