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Opening of higher education? A lifelong learning perspective on the Bologna process

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  • Jakobi, Anja P.
  • Rusconi, Alessandra

Abstract

Since 1999, European education ministers have discussed and further implemented the "Bologna process", a wide-ranging framework for the reform of higher education. Lifelong learning was added as a goal of the process in 2001. This article evaluates the extent to which the development of lifelong learning has progressed and examines whether the Bologna process has facilitated lifelong learning opportunities in a sample of countries. The evaluation of legislative instruments and policy positions of different stakeholders in Germany, France, Italy and the UK shows that countries link quite different strategies to lifelong learning in higher education. Specific national approaches exist which facilitate or restrict its development. Thus far, the impact of the Bologna process on this issue has been modest. The process has mainly had an impact on the discussion regarding lifelong learning, not necessarily whether and how such policies and programs are implemented.

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  • Jakobi, Anja P. & Rusconi, Alessandra, 2008. "Opening of higher education? A lifelong learning perspective on the Bologna process," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2008-502, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:wzbslm:spi2008502
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    2. Martens, Kerstin & Balzer, Carolin & Sackmann, Reinhold & Wexmann, Ansgar, 2004. "Comparing governance of international organisations: The EU, the OECD and educational policy," TranState Working Papers 7, University of Bremen, Collaborative Research Center 597: Transformations of the State.
    3. Finnemore, Martha, 1993. "International organizations as teachers of norms: the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cutural Organization and science policy," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 47(4), pages 565-597, October.
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    1. Powell, Justin J. W. & Coutrot, Laurence & Graf, Lukas & Bernhard, Nadine & Kieffer, Annick & Solga, Heike, 2009. "Comparing the relationship between vocational and higher education in Germany and France," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2009-506, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    2. Brzinsky-Fay, Christian, 2010. "The concept of transitional labour markets: A theoretical and methodological inventory," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2010-507, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    3. Solga, Heike & Kretschmann, Claudia, 2010. "Follow-up-Studie zur Evaluation des Projekts "Abschlussquote erhöhen - Berufsfähigkeit steigern"," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2010-503, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    4. Blanck, Jonna M. & Edelstein, Benjamin & Powell, Justin J.W., 2013. "Von der schulischen Segregation zur inklusiven Bildung? Die Wirkung der UN-Konvention über die Rechte von Menschen mit Behinderungen auf Bildungsreformen in Bayern und Schleswig-Holstein," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2013-504, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    5. Wotschack, Philip, 2010. "Working-time options over the life course: New challenges to German companies in times of crisis," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2010-502, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    6. Ruß, Uwe, 2012. "Bildung, Meritokratie und Ungleichheit: Gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen Bildungsungleichheiten, Meritokratieglauben und der Verteilung der Einkommen in fortgeschrittenen Gesellschaften?," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2012-501, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    7. Moen, Phyllis, 2010. "From "work-family" to the "gendered life course" and "fit": Five challenges to the field," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2010-501, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    8. Schulte-Braucks, Philipp, 2013. "Von Schweden lernen: Weiterbildung gering Qualifizierter im Rahmen der kommunalen Erwachsenenbildung (Komvux)," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2013-502, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    9. Wotschack, Philip & Solga, Heike, 2013. "Voraussetzungen einer guten betrieblichen Weiterbildungspraxis: Ergebnisse aus zehn Fallstudien in 'Best-Practice'-Betrieben," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2013-503, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    10. Powell, Justin J. W. & Solga, Heike, 2008. "Internationalization of vocational and higher education systems: A comparative-institutional approach," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2008-501, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    11. Solga, Heike, 2015. ""A fault confessed is half redressed": Review essay on low-achieving school leavers' access to apprenticeships and their returns to participation in prevocational training measures," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2015-501, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    12. Rusconi, Alessandra & Solga, Heike, 2008. "A systematic reflection upon dual career couples," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2008-505, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    13. Solga, Heike & Brzinsky-Fay, Christian & Graf, Lukas & Gresch, Cornelia & Protsch, Paula, 2013. "Vergleiche innerhalb von Gruppen und institutionelle Gelingensbedingungen: Vielversprechende Perspektiven für die Ungleichheitsforschung," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2013-501, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    14. Solga, Heike & Protsch, Paula & Ebner, Christian & Brzinsky-Fay, Christian, 2014. "The German vocational education and training system: Its institutional configuration, strengths, and challenges," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2014-502, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    15. Wotschack, Philip & Scheier, Franziska & Schulte-Braucks, Philipp & Solga, Heike, 2011. "Mehr Zeit für Weiterbildung: Neue Wege der betrieblichen Arbeitszeitgestaltung," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2011-501, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    16. Pfahl, Lisa & Powell, Justin J. W., 2010. "The special education profession and the discourse of learning disability in Germany," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2010-504, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    17. Solga, Heike, 2009. "Der Blick nach vorn: Herausforderungen an das deutsche Ausbildungssystem. Thesenpapier zum Symposium des WZB am 19.11.2009," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Skill Formation and Labor Markets SP I 2009-507, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.

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