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Nonconsolidated Affiliates, Bank Capitalization, and Risk Taking

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  • Gong, Di

    (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management)

  • Huizinga, Harry

    (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management)

  • Laeven, L.A.H.

    (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management)

Abstract

This paper is the first to show that financial institutions may be effectively undercapitalized as a result of incomplete consolidation of minority ownership. Using two approaches – consolidating the minority-owned affiliates with the parent or deducting equity investments in minority ownership from the parent's capital – we find that the effective capitalization ratios of small US bank holding companies (BHCs) are substantially lower than the reported ratios. Empirical evidence suggests that the effectively lower capitalization ratios are associated with higher riskiness at the BHC level. Capital adjustments following pro forma consolidation better capture the additional risks than capital adjustments in the form of equity deductions for investments in minority-owned affiliates. These findings have important implications for the regulation of bank capital.
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Suggested Citation

  • Gong, Di & Huizinga, Harry & Laeven, L.A.H., 2017. "Nonconsolidated Affiliates, Bank Capitalization, and Risk Taking," Other publications TiSEM 9ac15304-f76a-4666-b2cf-1, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    • Handle: RePEc:tiu:tiutis:9ac15304-f76a-4666-b2cf-16064862580b
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    3. Sophia Velez & Michael Neubert & Daphne Halkias, 2020. "Banking Finance Experts Consensus on Compliance in US Bank Holding Companies: An e-Delphi Study," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-14, February.
    4. Gong, Di & Huizinga, Harry & Li, Tianshi & Zhu, Jigao, 2023. "Goodhart’s law in China: Bank branching regulation and window dressing," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
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    6. Sophia Beckett Velez, 2021. "Idiosyncratic Viral Loss Theory: Systemic Operational Losses in Banks," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-13, February.
    7. Douglas da Rosa München & Herbert Kimura, 2020. "Regulatory Banking Leverage: what do you know?," Working Papers Series 540, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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