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Incentives and Prosocial Behavior

Author

Listed:
  • Roland Benabou

    (Princeton University, CEPR and NBER)

  • Jean Tirole

    (IDEI and GREMAQ, Toulouse, CERAS, Paris, and MIT)

Abstract

We build a theory of prosocial behavior that combines heterogeneity in individual altruism and greed with concerns for social reputation or self-respect. The presence of rewards or punishments creates doubt as to the true motive for which good deeds are performed, and this overjustification effect can result in a net crowding out of prosocial behavior by extrinsic incentives. The model also allows us to identify settings that are conducive to multiple social norms of behavior, and those where disclosing one?s generosity may backfire. Finally, we analyze the equilibrium contracts offered by sponsors, including the level and confidentiality or publicity of incentives. Sponsor competition may cause rewards to bid down rather than up, and can even reduce social welfare by requiring agents to engage in inefficient sacrifices.

Suggested Citation

  • Roland Benabou & Jean Tirole, 2004. "Incentives and Prosocial Behavior," Working Papers 137, Princeton University, School of Public and International Affairs, Discussion Papers in Economics.
  • Handle: RePEc:pri:wwseco:dp230.pdf
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    File URL: https://www.princeton.edu/~rbenabou/papers/AER%202006.pdf
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    altruism; rewards; motivation; overjustification effect; crowding out; identity; social norms;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D64 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Altruism; Philanthropy; Intergenerational Transfers
    • D82 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
    • H41 - Public Economics - - Publicly Provided Goods - - - Public Goods
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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