IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/109460.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Impact of FDI on Income Inequality in Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Mahmood, Haider
  • Chaudhary, A. R.

Abstract

The study attempts to find out the impact of foreign direct investment on income inequality in Pakistan. It takes foreign direct investment, government expenditure on health and education and gross domestic product growth rate as independent variable and GINI coefficient as dependent variable. ADF, PP, Ng-Perron and Zivot-Andrews Unit root tests are used to find the unit root problem. ARDL and its error correction model are used to find the long run and short run relationships. The study finds the long run and short run relationships in the model. Foreign direct investment has a positive impact on GINI coefficient. So, foreign direct investment is responsible in increasing the income inequality in Pakistan. Government expenditure on health and education has a negative relationship with income inequality. Economic growth has an insignificant impact on income inequality.

Suggested Citation

  • Mahmood, Haider & Chaudhary, A. R., 2013. "Impact of FDI on Income Inequality in Pakistan," MPRA Paper 109460, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:109460
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/109460/1/MPRA_paper_109460.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mahmood, Haider & Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik, 2017. "An Estimation of Service Quality in King Khalid Hospital, Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109453, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Paolo Figini & Holger Go¨rg, 2011. "Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Wage Inequality? An Empirical Investigation," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(9), pages 1455-1475, September.
    3. Shahbaz, Muhammad & Lean, Hooi Hooi & Farooq, Abdul, 2013. "Natural gas consumption and economic growth in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 87-94.
    4. Haider Mahmood & Maham Furqan & Omar Ali Bagais, 2018. "Environmental Accounting of Financial Development and Foreign Investment: Spatial Analyses of East Asia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, December.
    5. Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef & Mahmood, Haider & Sultan, Zafar Ahmad & Ahmad, Nawaz, 2017. "Trade Openness and Employment Nexus in Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109451, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Zivot, Eric & Andrews, Donald W K, 2002. "Further Evidence on the Great Crash, the Oil-Price Shock, and the Unit-Root Hypothesis," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 20(1), pages 25-44, January.
    7. Haider Mahmood & Maham Furqan & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Mahmoud Mohamad Fawaz, 2019. "Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve in Egypt: Role of Foreign Investment and Trade," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(2), pages 225-228.
    8. Anjum Siddiqui & Haider Mahmood & Dimitris Margaritis, 2020. "Oil Prices and Stock Markets during the 2014–16 Oil Price Slump: Asymmetries and Speed of Adjustment in GCC and Oil-Importing Countries," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(15), pages 3678-3708, December.
    9. Muntasir Murshed & Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Suvajit Banerjee, 2020. "Calibrating the Impacts of Regional Trade Integration and Renewable Energy Transition on the Sustainability of International Inbound Tourism Demand in South Asia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-17, October.
    10. M. Hashem Pesaran & Yongcheol Shin & Richard J. Smith, 2001. "Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 16(3), pages 289-326.
    11. Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb, 2018. "Asymmetrical effects of real exchange rate on the money demand in Saudi Arabia: A non-linear ARDL approach," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(11), pages 1-12, November.
    12. Feenstra, Robert C. & Hanson, Gordon H., 1997. "Foreign direct investment and relative wages: Evidence from Mexico's maquiladoras," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(3-4), pages 371-393, May.
    13. Haider Mahmood & Maham Furqan, 2021. "Oil rents and greenhouse gas emissions: spatial analysis of Gulf Cooperation Council countries," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 6215-6233, April.
    14. Sehrish Liaquat & Haider Mahmood, 2017. "Electricity consumption and economic growth in Pakistan: menace of circular debt," International Journal of Economics and Business Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 13(3), pages 227-245.
    15. Nabil Ahmed Mareai Senan & Haider Mahmood & Sehrish Liaquat, 2018. "Financial Markets and Electricity Consumption Nexus in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(1), pages 12-16.
    16. Asim Iqbal & Mohammad Hassaan & Haider Mahmood, 2018. "Income inequality and agglomeration economies: a case of a developing economy," International Journal of Economics and Business Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 15(2), pages 257-271.
    17. -, 2012. "Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2011," La Inversión Extranjera Directa en América Latina y el Caribe, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), number 1147 edited by Eclac, September.
    18. Mahmood, Haider, 2018. "An Investigation of Macroeconomic Determinants of FDI Inflows in Bangladesh," MPRA Paper 109448, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    19. Haider Mahmood & Mohammad Asif, 2016. "An empirical investigation of stability of money demand for GCC countries," International Journal of Economics and Business Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 11(3), pages 274-286.
    20. Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Maleeha Mohammed Zaaf Al-Qahtani & Zafrul Allam & Nawaz Ahmad & Maham Furqan, 2019. "Agriculture development and CO2 emissions nexus in Saudi Arabia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(12), pages 1-15, December.
    21. Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood & Zafar Ahmad Sultan, 2021. "Role of Oil Price in Fiscal Cyclicality in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(2), pages 194-198.
    22. Gordon H. Hanson, 2003. "What Has Happened to Wages in Mexico since NAFTA?," NBER Working Papers 9563, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    23. Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood, 2020. "Oil Price and Energy Depletion Nexus in GCC Countries: Asymmetry Analyses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-13, June.
    24. Haider Mahmood & Ahmad M.A. Zamil, 2019. "Oil Price and Slumps Effects on Personal Consumption in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(4), pages 12-15.
    25. Mahmood, Haider, 2016. "Testing Fiscal Sustainability under the Inter-Temporal Budget Constraint in Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109458, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    26. Rao Muhammad Atif & Haider Mahmood & Liu Haiyun & Haiou Mao, 2019. "Determinants and efficiency of Pakistan’s chemical products’ exports: An application of stochastic frontier gravity model," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(5), pages 1-15, May.
    27. Klein, Michael & Aaron, Carl & Hadjimichael, Bita, 2001. "Foreign direct investment and poverty reduction," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2613, The World Bank.
    28. Lipsey, Robert E. & Sjoholm, Fredrik, 2004. "Foreign direct investment, education and wages in Indonesian manufacturing," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(1), pages 415-422, February.
    29. Mahmood, Haider, 2016. "Determinants of Bilateral FDI Inflows in Pakistan from Major Investing Countries: A Dynamic Panel Approach," MPRA Paper 109456, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    30. Mahmood, Haider & Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef & Ahmed, Nawaz, 2017. "Impact of devaluation on Saudi oil exports: The J-Curve analysis," MPRA Paper 109454, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    31. Nunnenkamp, Peter & Schweickert, Rainer & Wiebelt, Manfred, 2006. "Distributional effects of FDI: How the interaction of FDI and economic policy affects poor households in Bolivia," Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy 6558, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    32. Ahmad M. A. Zamil & Maham Furqan & Haider Mahmood, 2019. "Trade openness and CO2 emissions nexus in Oman," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 7(2), pages 1319-1329, December.
    33. Mahmood, Haider, 2020. "Impact of financial market development on the CO2 Emissions in GCC countries," MPRA Paper 109134, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    34. Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Nasser Saad Alkahtani & Haider Mahmood, 2018. "Green Human Resource Management, Financial Markets and Pollution Nexus in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(3), pages 33-36.
    35. Dollar, David & Kraay, Aart, 2002. "Growth Is Good for the Poor," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 195-225, September.
    36. Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood, 2019. "Energy Consumption and Trade Openness Nexus in Egypt: Asymmetry Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-10, May.
    37. Nabil Maalel & Haider Mahmood, 2018. "Oil-Abundance and Macroeconomic Performance in the GCC Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(2), pages 182-187.
    38. Haider Mahmood & Abdullatif Sulaiman Alrasheed & Maham Furqan, 2018. "Financial Market Development and Pollution Nexus in Saudi Arabia: Asymmetrical Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, December.
    39. Mahmood, Haider & Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef & Ahmad, Nawaz, 2017. "Impact of Devaluation on Foreign Trade in Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109452, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    40. Maham Furqan & Haider Mahmood, 2020. "Does education reduce homicide? A panel data analysis of Asian region," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1197-1209, August.
    41. Dickey, David A & Fuller, Wayne A, 1981. "Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(4), pages 1057-1072, June.
    42. Marius Cristea & Stefana A. D. Varvari & József Benedek, 2012. "Pros and cons of foreign direct investments on local economy," Eszak-magyarorszagi Strategiai Fuzetek, Faculty of Economics, University of Miskolc, vol. 9(2), pages 20-34.
    43. Lian Xue & Mohammad Haseeb & Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Muntasir Murshed, 2021. "Renewable Energy Use and Ecological Footprints Mitigation: Evidence from Selected South Asian Economies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-20, February.
    44. Khalid Abdullah Alkhathlan & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood & Wardah Abdulrahman Bindabel, 2020. "Concentration of oil sector or diversification in Saudi economy: consequences on growth sustainability," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 7(4), pages 3369-3384, June.
    45. Jai Mah, 2002. "The impact of globalization on income distribution: the Korean experience," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(15), pages 1007-1009.
    46. Muhammad Shahid Hassan & Muhammad Naveed Tahir & Ayesha Wajid & Haider Mahmood & Abdul Farooq, 2018. "Natural Gas Consumption and Economic Growth in Pakistan: Production Function Approach," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 19(2), pages 297-310, April.
    47. Weeks, John, 1999. "Stuck in Low GEAR? Macroeconomic Policy in South Africa, 1996-98," Cambridge Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 23(6), pages 795-811, November.
    48. Margarita Kalamova & Nick Johnstone, 2012. "Environmental Policy Stringency and Foreign Direct Investment," Chapters, in: Frank Wijen & Kees Zoeteman & Jan Pieters & Paul van Seters (ed.), A Handbook of Globalisation and Environmental Policy, Second Edition, chapter 2, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    49. Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef & Mahmood, Haider & Sultan, Zafar Ahmad, 2016. "The Relationship between Exports and Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109459, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    50. Basu, Parantap & Guariglia, Alessandra, 2007. "Foreign Direct Investment, inequality, and growth," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 824-839, December.
    51. Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Maham Furqan, 2020. "Oil sector and CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia: asymmetry analysis," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 6(1), pages 1-10, December.
    52. Bilal Mehmood & Haider Mahmood & Raisa Shabbir Ahmed, 2014. "Macro-Financial Covariates of Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) in Pakistani Commercial Banks: A Reexamination Using GMM Estimator," International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research (IJEER), The Economics and Social Development Organization (TESDO), vol. 2(11), pages 443-448, November.
    53. Haroon Jamal, 2006. "Does Inequality Matter for Poverty Reduction? Evidence from Pakistan’s Poverty Trends," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 45(3), pages 439-459.
    54. repec:asi:ajoerj:2012:p:84-91 is not listed on IDEAS
    55. Maleeha Mohammed Zaaf Al-Qahtani & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood & Manal Abdalla Zahed Abdalla & Thikkryat Jebril Obaid Talalah Qaralleh, 2020. "The Role of the Academic and Political Empowerment of Women in Economic, Social and Managerial Empowerment: The Case of Saudi Arabia," Economies, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-19, June.
    56. Adnan Habib & Jamshaid Rehman & Tasneem Zafar & Haider Mahmood, 2016. "Does sustainability hypothesis hold in developed countries? A panel co-integration analysis," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 50(1), pages 1-25, January.
    57. Jai S. Mah, 2012. "Foreign direct investment, labour unionization and income inequality of Korea," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 19(15), pages 1521-1524, October.
    58. Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood & Zafar Ahmad Sultan, 2016. "The Relationship between Exports and Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia," Asian Social Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 12(4), pages 117-117, April.
    59. Serena Ng & Pierre Perron, 2001. "LAG Length Selection and the Construction of Unit Root Tests with Good Size and Power," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 69(6), pages 1519-1554, November.
    60. Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood & Nouf Naser Altamimi & Maham Furqan, 2020. "Role of education and economic growth on the CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 8(2), pages 195-209, December.
    61. Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood, 2020. "Oil Price and Capital Formation Nexus in GCC Countries: Asymmetry Analyses," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(6), pages 146-151.
    62. James R. Markusen, 1997. "Trade versus Investment Liberalization," NBER Working Papers 6231, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    63. Peter Nunnenkamp & Rainer Schweickert & Manfred Wiebelt, 2007. "Distributional Effects of FDI: How the Interaction of FDI and Economic Policy Affects Poor Households in Bolivia," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 25(4), pages 429-450, July.
    64. Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb, 2017. "Testing Asymmetrical Effect of Exchange Rate on Saudi Service Sector Trade: A Non-linear Auto-regressive Distributive Lag Approach," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 7(1), pages 73-77.
    65. Mahmood, Haider, 2016. "Revisiting Money Demand Function for GCC Countries and Testing its Stability," MPRA Paper 109457, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    66. Khalid Abdullah Alkhathlan & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood & Wardah Abdulrahman Bindabel, 2020. "Determinants of Diversification from Oil Sector in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(5), pages 384-391.
    67. Muntasir Murshed & Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Mohga Bassim, 2020. "The Impacts of Energy Consumption, Energy Prices and Energy Import-Dependency on Gross and Sectoral Value-Added in Sri Lanka," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(24), pages 1-22, December.
    68. Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Maleeha Mohammed Zaaf Al-Qahtani & Zafrul Allam & Nawaz Ahmad & Maham Furqan, 2020. "Urbanization, Oil Price and Pollution in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(2), pages 477-482.
    69. Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb, 2017. "Trade and Environment Nexus in Saudi Arabia: An Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(5), pages 291-295.
    70. Haider Mahmood & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb, 2018. "Foreign Direct Investment, Domestic Investment and Oil Price Nexus in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 8(4), pages 147-151.
    71. Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef & Alkahtani, Nasser Saad & Mahmood, Haider, 2017. "Assessing the Role of Foreign Labour on Saudi Labour Unemployment in Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109449, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    72. Ahmad, Khalil & Mahmood, Haider, 2013. "Openness-Inflation Puzzle: Evidence from Pakistan," Bangladesh Development Studies, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), vol. 36(3), pages 69-78, September.
    73. World Bank, 2010. "World Development Indicators 2010," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 4373, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Rizwan Zeb, 2013. "Pakistan and Afghanistan, 2014 and Beyond: Not Friends, Not Yet Enemies?," Journal of South Asian Development, , vol. 8(2), pages 165-183, August.
    2. ATHANASENAS Athanasios & POLYCHRONIDOU Persefoni & CHAPSA Xanthippi, 2021. "An Economic Crisis “State of Shock”: An Empirical Analysis of the Greek Economy," European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Bucharest Economic Academy, issue 02, June.
    3. Kostopoulos, Dimitrios & Meyer, Steffen & Uhr, Charline, 2022. "Ambiguity about volatility and investor behavior," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(1), pages 277-296.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Al-Qahtani, Maleeha Mohammed Zaaf & Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef & Mahmood, Haider & Abdalla, Manal Abdalla Zahed & Mawad, Ghada Shihata Ebrahim & Alkhatib, Maha Ahmed Hussein, 2020. "Exploring the Level of Managerial, Political, Academic, Economic and Social Women Empowerment in Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109447, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Mahmood, Haider, 2018. "An Investigation of Macroeconomic Determinants of FDI Inflows in Bangladesh," MPRA Paper 109448, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef & Alkahtani, Nasser Saad & Mahmood, Haider, 2017. "Assessing the Role of Foreign Labour on Saudi Labour Unemployment in Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109449, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef & Mahmood, Haider & Sultan, Zafar Ahmad & Ahmad, Nawaz, 2017. "Financial Market Development and Employment Nexus in Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109450, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Mahmood, Haider & Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef & Ahmed, Nawaz, 2017. "Impact of devaluation on Saudi oil exports: The J-Curve analysis," MPRA Paper 109454, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef & Mahmood, Haider & Sultan, Zafar Ahmad & Ahmad, Nawaz, 2017. "Trade Openness and Employment Nexus in Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109451, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Muhammad Tanveer & Harsandaldeep Kaur & George Thomas & Haider Mahmood & Mandakini Paruthi & Zhang Yu, 2021. "Mobile Phone Buying Decisions among Young Adults: An Empirical Study of Influencing Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-18, September.
    8. Mahmood, Haider, 2020. "Impact of financial market development on the CO2 Emissions in GCC countries," MPRA Paper 109134, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Mahmood, Haider & Tanveer, Muhamamd & Ahmad, Abdul-Rahim & Furqan, Maham, 2021. "Rule of Law and Control of Corruption in Managing CO2 Emissions Issue in Pakistan," MPRA Paper 109250, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Mahmood, Haider & Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik, 2017. "An Estimation of Service Quality in King Khalid Hospital, Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109453, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Mahmood, Haider & Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef & Ahmed, Nawaz, 2017. "Impact of Devaluation on Industrial Exports in Saudi Arabia: J-Curve Hypothesis," MPRA Paper 109455, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Tanveer, Muhammad & Mahmood, Haider & Haq, Ikram Ul & Rather, Raouf Ahmad & Ali, Haider, 2021. "Higher Education Quality Assurance Framework Pathway for Transformation in Pakistan: Managerial and Economic Perspectives," MPRA Paper 109253, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Ahmad, Abdul-Rahim & Tasadduq, Imran A. & Imam, Muhammad Hasan & Al-Ahmadi, Mohammad Saad & Ahmad, Muhammad Bilal & Tanveer, Muhammad & Mahmood, Haider, 2021. "Intelligent Decision Support in Automating ABET Accreditation Processes: A Conceptual Framework," MPRA Paper 109151, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Mahmood, Haider & Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef & Ahmad, Nawaz, 2017. "Impact of Devaluation on Foreign Trade in Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109452, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    15. Tanveer, Muhammad & Hassan, Shafiqul & Mahmood, Haider & Khan, Syed Abdul Rehman, 2021. "The Use of Social Media by Managers During the Pandemic to Accomplish the Tasks," MPRA Paper 109249, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Mahmood, Haider & Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef & Al-Qahtani, Maleeha Mohammed Zaaf & Allam, Zafrul Allam & Ahmad, Nawaz & Furqan, Maham, 2019. "Energy consumption, economic growth and pollution in Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109143, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    17. Mahmood, Haider, 2020. "Level of Education and Renewable Energy Consumption Nexus in Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109141, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Haider Mahmood & Awad Ali Alanzi, 2020. "Rule of Law and Environment Nexus in Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(5), pages 7-12.
    19. Mahmood, Haider, 2016. "Testing Fiscal Sustainability under the Inter-Temporal Budget Constraint in Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109458, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Mahmood, Haider, 2016. "Revisiting Money Demand Function for GCC Countries and Testing its Stability," MPRA Paper 109457, University Library of Munich, Germany.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    FDI; Income Inequality; Economic Growth; Cointegration;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F0 - International Economics - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:109460. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.