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Role of education and economic growth on the CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb

    (Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia)

  • Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb

    (Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt)

  • Haider Mahmood

    (Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia)

  • Nouf Naser Altamimi

    (Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia)

  • Maham Furqan

    (Oregon State University, United States)

Abstract

Education can play an effective role in building social responsibility in a community which can help to reduce pollution emissions. This present research investigates the effects of education, energy consumption and economic growth on CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia using data of a period 1971-2014. We find that primary education could not affect CO2 emissions, but, secondary education has a negative effect while energy consumption has a positive effect on CO2 emissions. In the long run, an inverted U-shaped relationship is found between CO2 emissions and economic growth and Kingdom is found at first stage. Hence, economic growth is responsible for environmental degradation. We recommend to enhance the secondary education to improve the environment of the Kingdom and to use cleaner source of energy to avoid negative environmental consequences of economic growth.

Suggested Citation

  • Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Haider Mahmood & Nouf Naser Altamimi & Maham Furqan, 2020. "Role of education and economic growth on the CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, vol. 8(2), pages 195-209, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:ssi:jouesi:v:8:y:2020:i:2:p:195-209
    DOI: 10.9770/jesi.2020.8.2(12)
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Jiang, Xueting, 2023. "Rapid decarbonization in the Chinese electric power sector and air pollution reduction Co-benefits in the Post-COP26 Era," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    3. Mehboob ul Hassan & Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar Siddique & Sumaira & Shahzad Alvi, 2025. "Impacts of industrialization, trade openness, renewable energy consumption, and urbanization on the environment in South Asia," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 27(11), pages 28087-28110, November.
    4. Mihaela Simionescu & Adam Wojciechowski & Arkadiusz Tomczyk & Marcin Rabe, 2021. "Revised Environmental Kuznets Curve for V4 Countries and Baltic States," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-15, June.
    5. Adela Bâra & Irina Alexandra Georgescu & Simona-Vasilica Oprea, 2025. "Does Education Make a Difference in Combating Climate Change? Analyzing Its Impact on CO 2 Emissions in the South-East European, Nordic, and Baltic Regions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-35, May.
    6. Mahmood, Haider & Chaudhary, A. R., 2013. "Impact of FDI on Income Inequality in Pakistan," MPRA Paper 109460, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Ahsan Akbar & Azeem Gul & Mariam Sohail & Martina Hedvicakova & Syed Arslan Haider & Sareer Ahmad & Samra Iqbal, 2024. "Impact of Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Resources on CO2 Emission: Empirical Evidence from SAARC," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(1), pages 141-149, January.
    8. Raihan, Asif & Rahman, Syed Masiur & Sarker, Tapan, 2025. "Saudi Arabia's path to carbon neutrality: Analysis of the role of Hajj pilgrimage, energy consumption, and economic growth," Innovation and Green Development, Elsevier, vol. 4(1).
    9. Al-Qahtani, Maleeha Mohammed Zaaf & Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef & Mahmood, Haider & Abdalla, Manal Abdalla Zahed & Mawad, Ghada Shihata Ebrahim & Alkhatib, Maha Ahmed Hussein, 2020. "Exploring the Level of Managerial, Political, Academic, Economic and Social Women Empowerment in Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 109447, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Wang, Zhaohua & Pham, Thi Le Hoa & Sun, Kaining & Wang, Bo & Bui, Quocviet & Hashemizadeh, Ali, 2022. "The moderating role of financial development in the renewable energy consumption - CO2 emissions linkage: The case study of Next-11 countries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PB).

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • O44 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Environment and Growth
    • H75 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare
    • K32 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Energy, Environmental, Health, and Safety Law

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