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The Internationalization of American Banking and Finance: Structure, Risk, adn World Interest Rates

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  • Michael R. Darby

Abstract

The transformation of American banking from the parochialism of 1960 to the internationally linked structure of the 1980s is analyzed and detailed quantitatively. While the liberalization of trade and the existence of and changes in financial regulations profoundly affected the pace and order of this transformation, it is argued that international banking is the historic norm. International banking on the one hand provides the opportunity to banks to diversify their portfolio, but may simultaneously expose them to increased systematic risk, especially with regards to movements in the U.S. real interest rate. Deposit insurance provides an incentive for banks to take on such priced systematic risk with welfare costs which must be balanced against the welfare gains from the insurance. The paper closes with an exploration of the nature of the linkage of major movements in real interest rates and exchange rates. Further research seems warranted on monetary-policy-regime changes and investment-demand shifts as a result of changes in tax, regulatory, and political climate.

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  • Michael R. Darby, 1986. "The Internationalization of American Banking and Finance: Structure, Risk, adn World Interest Rates," NBER Working Papers 1989, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:1989
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    1. Brealey, R. A. & Kaplanis, E. C., 1996. "The determination of foreign banking location," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 577-597, August.
    2. Frankel, Jeffrey A. & MacArthur, Alan T., 1988. "Political vs. currency premia in international real interest differentials : A study of forward rates for 24 countries," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(5), pages 1083-1114, June.
    3. Goldberg, Michael A & Helsley, Robert W & Levi, Maurice D, 1988. "On the Development of International Financial Centers," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 22(0), pages 81-94, February.
    4. Hübler, Michael, 2011. "Technology diffusion under contraction and convergence: A CGE analysis of China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 131-142, January.
    5. Elyas Elyasiani & Rasoul Rezvanian, 2002. "A comparative multiproduct cost study of foreign-owned and domestic-owned US banks," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(4), pages 271-284.
    6. Carmela D'Avino, 2015. "Net Interoffice Accounts of Global Banks: The Role of Domestic Funding," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 3(3), pages 1-17, June.
    7. Nicholas Apergis & Christis Hassapis & Christina Christou & Steve Johnson, 2015. "International Earnings To Price Ratio Convergence: Evidence From The European Union," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 9(5), pages 37-55.
    8. Frederick T. Furlong & Michael C. Keeley, 1986. "Bank regulation and the public interest," Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue Spr, pages 55-71.
    9. Chowdhry, Bhagwan & Titman, Sheridan, 2001. "Why real interest rates, cost of capital and price/earnings ratios vary across countries," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 165-189, April.
    10. repec:cte:whrepe:wp09-10 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Chowdhry, Bhagwan & Titman, Sheridan, 1993. "Why Real Interest Rates, Cost of Capital and Price/Earnings Ratios Vary Across Countries," University of California at Los Angeles, Anderson Graduate School of Management qt93k425dd, Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA.
    12. Aneta Hryckiewicz & Oskar Kowalewski, 2008. "The Economic Determinants and Engagement Models of Foreign Banks in Central Europe," NBP Working Papers 50, Narodowy Bank Polski.

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